perineum

Question 1

what is the perineum

Answer 1

region of the trunk inferior to the pelvic diaphragm and around the pelvic outlet

Question 2

anterior part of perineum

Answer 2

urogenital triangle

root of penis ad scrotum
external genitalia in females

Question 3

posterior part of perineum

Answer 3

anal triangle

anal canal, ischiorectal fossa and exteral anal sphincter

Question 4

boundaries of urogenital triangle

Answer 4

• ant: pubic symphysis

- anterolateral: inferior pubic rami and ischial ramus

Question 5

boundaries of anal triangle

Answer 5

posterolateral: sacrotuberous ligament
posterior: coccyx

Question 6

urogenital diaphragm

Answer 6

thin sheet of striated muscle stretching between two sides of pubic arch

covers anterior part of the pelvic outlet

Question 7

what makes urogenital diaphragm significant

Answer 7

holds the internal pelvic organs up and any tear in this diaphragm may cause a prolapse

Question 8

muscles of the urogenital diaphragm

Answer 8

deep transverse perineal

urethral sphincter

Question 9

function of deep transverse perineal

Answer 9

steadies the perineal body -> general support to urogenital diaphragm

Question 10

function of urethral sphincter

Answer 10

forms the voluntary sphincter around the urethra in both genders
(skeletal)

Question 11

pelvic diaphragm is part of the pelvic ______?

Answer 11

floor

Question 12

what is a perineal body

Answer 12

tendineus centre of the perineum

fibromuscular tissue located between urogenital and anal parts

Question 13

what muscles attach to perineal body

Answer 13

transverse perineal
bulbospongiosus
leviator ani
some fibres of the anal sphincter

Question 14

perineal body plays an important role in the support of the pelvic floor. It must be prevented from rupturing during?

Answer 14

CHILDBIRTH

Question 15

Episiotomy

Answer 15

used to increase diameter of the birth canal and prevents rupture of the perineal body and urogenital diaphragm

Question 16

what is the superficial perineal space

Answer 16

space between superficial fascia and perineal membrane

Question 17

superficial perineal space contents in males

Answer 17

in males: root of penis, bulbospongiosus, ischiocavernosus muscle, contents of scrotum, superficial transverse perineal muscle, branches of pudendal nerve and internal pudendal artery and vein

Question 18

superficial perineal space contents in females

Answer 18

root of clitoris, bulbs of vestibule, greater vestibule and superficial transverse perineal muscle

Question 19

deep perineal space

Answer 19

space enclosed by superior and inferior fasciae of the urogenital diaphragm

Question 20

what does the deep perineal space contain in males

Answer 20

membranous urethra, sphincter urethra muscle, bulbourethral gland of cowpers, deep transverse perineal muscle, dorsal nerve, vein artery of penis

Question 21

what does the deep perineal space contain im females

Answer 21

urethra, sphincter urethra muscle, deep transverse perineal muscle, dorsal nerve, vein and artery of clitoris

Question 22

contents of the anal triangle

Answer 22

anal canal
external anal sphincter
ischiorectal fossa

Question 23

boundries of ischioanal fossa and ischiorectal fossa

Answer 23

• anterior: urogenital diaphragm
• posterior: sacrotuberous ligament covered by gluteus maximus
• medial: fascia over levator ani and external anal sphincter
• floor: skin and subcutaneous fat (in a standing position)
• lateral: fascia over the obturator internus muscle

Question 24

contents of ischiorectal anf ischioanal fossa

Answer 24

• pads of fat
• internal pudendal artery and vein passing from the pelvis into the perineum through alcocks canal
• pudendal nerve

Question 25

3 masses of penis

Answer 25

``` corpora cavernosa (dorsally placed) spongiosum of urethra (ventrally placed) ```

Question 26

corpus cavernosa of the penis is covered by

Answer 26

tunica albuginea

Question 27

corpus spongiosum surrounds

Answer 27

penile urethra

Question 28

corpus cavernosum is composed of

Answer 28

trabeculae and cavernous sinuses

Question 29

dialation of the penis at the tip of the penis is

Answer 29

fossa navicularis | non keratinized squamous

Question 30

what opens into the uretha

Answer 30

bulbourethral gland

Question 31

before birth, after 9 months, what happens to the testis

Answer 31

move down from abdominal cavity where it should be

Question 32

normal temperature of testis, and what happens testis did not reach reach the scrotum

Answer 32

35 degrees celsius is normal temp of testis if it did not reach the scrotum it will cause infertility

Question 33

fetal ligament that helps descent the testis, in females this ligament develops into

Answer 33

round ligament of uterus

Question 34

pathway of sperm

Answer 34

in testicular lobules -> rete testis -> canaliculi efferents -> epididymis -> vas deferens (crossing over ureter) ->join seminal vesicle to form ejaculatory duct -> enters prostate -> drains into prostatic urethra -> membranous urethra ->penile urethra -> leaves penis

Question 35

list the external genitalia of the female

Answer 35

- mons pubis symphysis - labia majora - labia minora - vestibule (enclosed by labia minora) - greater vestibular gland (bartholin's gland) - paraurethral glands (skene's glands) - bulb of the vestibule - lesser vestibular glands

Question 36

labia minora description

Answer 36

meets posteriorly in a sharp fold called fourchette, anteriorly they split to enclose the clitoris forming a prepuce and a frenulum

Question 37

greater vestibule gland (bartholin's gland)

Answer 37

lies deep to the posterior part of the labia majora

Question 38

paraurethral glands (skene's glands)

Answer 38

open into the urethra

Question 39

what is similar to male prostate in females

Answer 39

paraurethral glands

Question 40

lesser vestibular gland

Answer 40

mucus glands | moisten labia and vestibule