General pelvis Flashcards
where is the pelvis located?
below abdomen
pelvis contains support and protects ?
bladder, rectum and reproductive organs
bones of pelvis provides attachments to some muscles of ?
trunk and lower limb
illium + ishium + pubis =
hip bone
hip bone + sacrum =
pelvic girdle
what bone is the bone that we sit on
ishium
lower back pain can come from which joint?
sacroilliac joint
head of femur sits on which structure?
acetabulum
whats a promontory
junction between L5 and S1
bulges inward
pelvic inlet boundaries
anterior: pubic crest
lateral: pecten pubis, arcuate line and margin ala
posterior: promontory of sacrum
pelvic outlet borders
anterior: inferior margin of pubic symphysis
lateral: ischial tuberosity and ischiopubic ramus
post. lateral: inferior margin of sacrotuberous lig
inferior: anterior border of the coccyx
why is it called a false pelvis
because its found in the abdominal cavity (colon is found there)
inlet diameters
antero posterior -> between sacral promontory and upper border of pubic symphysis (10cm)
transverse -> between opposite sides of pelvic brim (12.5cm)
oblique diameter -> between illiopubic eminence and opposite sacroiliac joint (11.5 cm)
outlet diameters
antero-posterior -> distance from the pubis to the sacrococcygeal joint (12.5 cm)
transverse -> ischial tuberosities along the plane passing through anus (10cm)
diagonal conjugate
most useful measurment
called the birth canal
from the lower border of the pubis to the sacral promontory
12.5cm
what makes the diagonal conjugate important and most useful?
Estimates pelvis size, if it is smaller than normal, the fetus will not pass through and will require a c section
compare male and female pelvis: general structure
females: light and thin
males: heavy and thick
compare male and female pelvis: false pelvis
females: shallow
males: deep
compare male and female pelvis: pelvic inlet
females: larger and more oval
males: smaller and heart shaped
compare male and female pelvis: acetabellum
females: small and faces anteriorlly
males: large and faces laterally
compare male and female pelvis: obturator foramen
female: oval
male: round
compare male and female pelvis: pubic arch
females: greater than 90 degree angle
males: less than 90 degrees angle
ilium parts
iliac crest iliac tubercle ASIS anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS) PSIS PIIS greater sciatic notch
Ischium parts
ischial spine (between greater and lesser sciatic notch)
ischial tuberosity
ischial ramus
lesser sciatic notch
pubic bone
superior ramus of pubis
pubic tubercle
body of pubis
ischiopubic ramus
what passes through sacral canal
nerves
parts of sacrum with explanation (if needed):
sacral promontory (btwen l5 to s1)
anterior sacral foramina (bigger size than posteior)
posterior sacral foramina
transverse ridges (where sacral vertebra join)
lateral sacral crest
median sacral crest
sacral hiatus (termination of sacral canal)
coccyx (tail bone)
what convert lesser sciatic and greater sciatic notches to formaina
sacrospinous ligament and sacrotuberous ligament
what runs down the anterior surface of the spine
anterior Longitudinal ligament
what links hip bones
pubic symphysis
contents of greater sciatic foramen
Sciatic nerve
superior gluteal and inferior gluteal nerve
posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
superior and inferior gluteal artery and vein
piriformis muscle
contents of lesser sciatic foramen
pudendal nerve
pudendal artery and vein
obturator internus muscle
anterior pelvic wall
posterior surface of the bodies of pubic bones
posterior pelvic wall
sacrum and coccyx, piriformis muscle and parietal pelvic fascia
lateral pelvic wall
hip bone, obturator membrane, sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligament and obturator internus muscles with its fascia
pelvic floor or inferior pelvic wall
pelvic diaphragm
what does pelvic diaphragm consist of?
levitator ani and coccygeous muscle
piriformis: origin, insertion, actions, and nerve
origin: sacrum
insertion: greater trocanter
actions: external rotator of the thigh
nerve: nerve to the piriformis (L5, S1 and S2)
obturator internus: origin, insertion, actions, an nerve
origin: the inner surface of the obturator membrane and adjoining part of the hip bone
insertion: greater trochanter
function: lateral rotator of hip joint
Nerve to obturator internus from sacral plexus of nerves
levator ani parts
pubococcygeal muscle
iliococcygeus muscle
another word for ischiococcygeus muscle
coccygeal muscle
levator ani nerve supply
s4 and pudendal nerve
leviator ani function
prevents prolapse
supports pelvic organs
forms a sphincter around the anorectal junction and vagina
levator ani origin and insertion
orgin: body of pubis, fascia obterator internus and spine of ischium
inserstion: perineal body, anococcygeal body, walls of prostate, vagina, rectum and anal canal
attachments of coccygeus muscle
spine of ischium to lower end of sacrum, coccyx
nerve supply and function of coccygeus muscle
s4-s5
function: assists levator ani to support pelvic viscera
damage of pelvic floor can lead to
urinary incontinence: (unintentional passage of urine)
pelvic organ prolapse: (slip down of pelvic organs from their original position)
