abdominal esophagus and stomach

Question 1

coeliac trunk

Answer 1

supplies the foregut (stomach spleen, liver, gallbladder, upper 1/2 of dueodenum and pancreas

divided into left gastric common hepatic and splenic artery

Question 2

common hepatic

Answer 2

divides into proper hepatic (supplies liver ) and gastroduodenal (supplies the stomach and duodenum)

Question 3

gastroduodenal branch

Answer 3

right gastro- epiploic and anastomoses with left gastroepiploic

greater curvature and omentum

Question 4

proper hepatic branch

Answer 4

right gastric (lesser curvature till midpoint)

anastomoses with left gastric artery

Question 5

splenic artery

Answer 5

divides into short gastric (stomach supply) and left gastro-epiploic (supplies omentum)

Question 6

left gastric

Answer 6

branches into esophageal branches

Question 7

stomach lymph nodes

Answer 7

accompany arteries and drain into celiac lymph nodes (next to celiac trunk)

Question 8

paracolic gutters

Answer 8

Are spaces between the colon and the abdominal wall.

Are clinically important because they allow a passage for infectious fluids from different compartments of the abdomen.

Question 9

z-line junctiom

Answer 9

esophagogastric junction

Question 10

how long is esophagus

Answer 10

25 cm with 2 cm diameter

Question 11

what level esophagus starts and ends

Answer 11

at the level of c6 and ends at the cardiac end of the stomach (z-line) (left median)

Question 12

divisions of esophagous

Answer 12

cervical, thoracic and abdominal

Question 13

abdominal esophagus is tethered by

Answer 13

phreno-esophageal ligaments (supra and infra diaphragmatic fasica)

Question 14

anterior surface of the esophagus

Answer 14

covered with peritoneum of greater sac and is related to a groove on the posterior surface of the liver

Question 15

posterior surface of the abdominal esophagus

Answer 15

covered with omental bursa

Question 16

right border of abd esophagus

Answer 16

continuous with the lesser curvature of stomach

Question 17

left border of abdominal esophagus

Answer 17

is separated from the fundus by cardial notch between

Question 18

barrett’s esophagus

Answer 18

is a condition in which the flat pink lining of the swallowing tube that connects the mouth to the stomach (esophagus) becomes damaged by acid reflux, which causes the lining to thicken and become red

Question 19

arterial supply of abdominal esophagus

Answer 19

mainly from left gastric artery (branches from coeliac trunk)

the posterior surface is mainly supplied by short gastric arteries, thoracic aorta and sometimes from the ascending branch of posterior branch of gastric artery

Question 20

venous drainage of esophagus

Answer 20

portal vein through left gastric vein and systemic (caval) venous system through azygous vein

This dual venous supply creates a porto-caval anastomosis between esophageal tributaries of left gastric and azygos veins in the submucosa of the esophagus, which has clinical relevance to esophageal varices resulting from portal hypertension.

Question 21

lymphatic supply of abdominal esophagus

Answer 21

drain into left gastric lymph node and efferent lymphatic. vessels from those vessels drain mainly to celiac lymph nodes

Question 22

nerve supply of abdmonial esphagus

Answer 22

from vagal trunks that become anterior and posterior gastric nerves
and sympathetic nerve supply through greater splanchnic

Question 23

esophageal varicies

Answer 23

one of the portosystemoic anastomosies

obstruction of blood flow to the liver through the portal vein, causing backflow in the oesophageal tributary,
may rupture and cause fatal hematemesis

Question 24

Stomach locations

Answer 24

located in the epigastric, left hypochondrial, and umbilical regions

Question 25

divisions of the stomach

Answer 25

cardiac and pyloric ends
greater and lesser curvature
posterior and anterior surfaces
four divisions: cardia, body, fundus and pylorus

Question 26

the cardia

Answer 26

surrouding esophageal end

Question 27

the fundus

Answer 27

dialated (by fluid, food but mainly gas) upper part above level of esophageal orifice
separated from esophagus by the cardiac notch

Question 28

the body of the esophagus

Answer 28

between the fundus and the pyloric antrum and pyloric part

Question 29

The pyloric part

Answer 29

Begins at level of angular incisure (indentation along the lessesr curvature)
its widest region is the pyloric antrum that lead to pyloric canal

Question 30

pyloric sphinchter

Answer 30

anatomical and physiological sphinchter controlling the passage of chime into the duodenum

Question 31

cardiac end physiological mechanisms

Answer 31

1- mucosal folds at the esophago-gastric junction act as a valve
2- the acute angle of entry of esophagus into stomach
3- the right crus of the diaphragm acts as a pinch cock to lower the esophagus as it pierces this muscle

Question 32

Rugae

Answer 32

rugae are a series of ridges produced by folding of the wall of an organ. Most commonly rugae refers to the gastric rugae of the internal surface of the stomach.

Question 33

peritoneal attachments to stomach

Answer 33

greater omentum (gastrocolic+gastrosplenic+gastrophrenic lig)
lessser omentum (hepatoduodenal + gastrohepatic lig)

Question 34

the portal vein direct tributaries

Answer 34

right gastric vein
left gastric vein
splenic vein
superior mesentric veins

Question 35

right gastric vein direct tributaries and indrect tributary to portal vein

Answer 35

prepyloric vein

Question 36

superior mesentric vein direct tributaries and indrect tributary to portal vein

Answer 36

right gastro-omental vein

pancreaticoduodenal vein

Question 37

splenic vein direct tributaries and indrect tributary to portal vein

Answer 37

inferior mesentric vein
posterior gastric vein
short gastric vein
left gastro-omental vein

Question 38

innervation of stomach

Answer 38

Parasympathetic immervation from the vagus nerves

Sympathetic innervation from greater splanchic, celiac plexus and peri-arterial plexuses