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Consolidation exam A > perfusion > Flashcards

perfusion Flashcards

1
Q

perfusion definition

A

flow of blood through arteries and capillaries delivering oxygen to cells that sufficient cardiac output for distribution in to the tissues

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2
Q

ischemia

A

low O2 within tissues

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3
Q

infarction

A

prolonged ischemia or sudden complete blockage

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4
Q

hypoxia

A

lack of O2 delivery to the tissues

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5
Q

hypoxemia

A

low O2 in the blood

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6
Q

heart flow

A

deoxygenated blood into vena cava –> right atrium –> tricuspid valve –> right ventricle –> pulmonic valve –> pulmonary artery –> lungs –> oxygenated blood through pulmonary veins –> left atrium –> mitral valve –> left ventricle –> aortic valve –> aorta to body

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7
Q

SA node

A

pacemaker of the body
- 60 to 100 bpm

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8
Q

central perfusion

A

force of blood movement generated by cardiac output

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9
Q

local perfusion

A

volume of blood that flows to target tissue

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10
Q

preload

A

amount of stretch in ventricles at the end of diastole

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11
Q

afterload

A

how much resistance that the heart is fighting against to get blood to the tissues

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12
Q

ejection fraction

A

percentage of blood being pushed from left ventricle

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13
Q

hydrostatic BP

A

pressure of a fluid on the wall of whatever fluid is pressing on it

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14
Q

coronary artery disease

A

plaque buildup in arteries
- most common is atherosclerosis

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15
Q

angina

A

changes in vessels causing not enough blood to heart

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16
Q

stable angina

A

can manage with medds and rest and symptoms will improve

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17
Q

unstable angina

A

meds and rest will not improve symptoms

18
Q

Heart failure

A

inability of ventricles to fill or eject blood

19
Q

left sided heart failure

A

congestion will be in lungs

20
Q

right sided heart failure

A

congestion will be in tissues

21
Q

s/s of left sided HF

A

cough, crackles, wheeze, tachypnea, restless, tachycardia, fatigue, cyanosis

22
Q

s/s of right sided HF

A

fatigue, enlarged liver and spleen, peripheral edema, weight gain, distended jugular vein

23
Q

important diagnostics

A

cardiac markers, electrolytes, hemoglobin, BNP, CRP, CBC

24
Q

BNP

A

objective measure of cardiac function and will increase if heart cant pump effectively

25
Q

troponin

A

will be positive if MI is in progress

26
Q

chest x-ray

A

will tell us if fluid is backed up

27
Q

management

A

rest, monitor VS, monitor BNP, O2, meds, respiratory status, I/O, abdominal girth, edema, fluid restriction

28
Q

digoxin

A

positive inotrope that strengthens contraction of heart

29
Q

amlodipine

A

calcium channel blocker that is a negative inotrope which diminshes contractions and heart rate

30
Q

nitroglycerin

A

a positive inotrope and antianginal to dilate arteries to help decrease blood presure and diminish contractions and heart rate
- issue with this is it can drop bp drastically

31
Q
A
32
Q

heparin

A

anticoagulant that decreases likelihood of making a clot but wont break a clot

33
Q

TPA

A

thrombolytic that will break apart a clot

34
Q

circulatory shock

includes

A

distributive
- septic
- anaphylactic
- neurogenic

35
Q

distributive shock

characteristics

A

loss of blood vessel tone, enlargement of vessel lumen, loss of vascular volume

36
Q

hypovolemic shock

A

low blood volume
- decrease in blood volume leads to inadequate filling of vascular compartment and decreased CO
- causes may include hemorrhage, severe dehydration d/t vomitting and diarrhea or low intake

37
Q

s/s of hypovolemic shock

A

tachycardia, thirst, vasocinstriction, hypotension, low RR, irritable, altered LOC, edema, hyperglycemia

38
Q

hypovolemic shock may lead to

A

lung injury (ARDS), organ failure

39
Q

cardiogenic shock

A

low cardiac output
- may be caused by STEMI

40
Q

s/s of cardiogenic shock

A

cyanosis, oliguria, change in LOC, low BP

Consolidation exam A (8 decks)

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