mobility

Question 1

grade 0 muscle strength

Answer 1

no muscle contraction

Question 2

grade 1 muscle strength

Answer 2

no joint movement and barely detectable contraction

Question 3

grade 2 muscle strength

Answer 3

can complete range of motion movement with support (no gravity)

Question 4

grade 3 muscle strength

Answer 4

complete range of motion against gravity

Question 5

grade 4 muscle strength

Answer 5

complete range of motion against gravity with some resistance

Question 6

grade 5 muscle strength

Answer 6

complete range of motion against gravity with full resistance

Question 7

phase 1 of bone healing

Answer 7

reactive phase
- formation of hematoma
- release of cytokines to initiate healing
- proliferation of fibroblasts and angiogenesis
- granulation tissue begins to form within clot

Question 8

phase 2 of bone healing

Answer 8

reparative phase
- granulation tissue replaced with callus precursor
- callus calcifies months after injury

Question 9

phase 3 of bone healing

Answer 9

remodelling phase
- new bone in former structural arrangement

Question 10

external fixators

Answer 10

used for commonuted fractures
- pins inserted into bone
- facilitates early mobility and movement of uninvolved joints

Question 10

traction

Answer 10

pulling to promote alignment and short term

Question 11

management after hip replacement

Answer 11

• do not cross leg
• do not bend more than 90 degrees
• do not let leg turn inward

Question 12

osteoarthritis

Answer 12

wear and tear that destroys cartilage

Question 13

osteoporosis

Answer 13

thinning of bones making them weak and brittle