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PPDA > Performance or Image Enhancing Drugs > Flashcards

Performance or Image Enhancing Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What is Marmala? (3)

A

Performance Enhancing Drug

used between 1908-1940

contains laxatives and thyroid extract

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2
Q

What is DNP? (3)

A

Performance Enhancing Drug - Dinitrophenol

narrow therapeutic index - 10 deaths in 1930’s and lead to cataracts

metabolic poison that increases body temperature

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3
Q

What compounds are used to cause muscle growth? (2)

A

GHs

anabolic steroids

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4
Q

What compounds are used for weight loss and what are their mechanisms (6)

A

Rimonobant
CB1 antagonist

Sibutramine
increase noradrenaline and 5-HT

DNP
increased intracellular Ca+

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5
Q

What compounds are used for skin and hair growth? (3)

A

Mercury Creams

Melanotan II - agonist for melanocortin

Latisse

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6
Q

Compounds used to increase sexual behaviour (2)

A

Sildenafil

Bremelanotide

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7
Q

Compounds used to increase cognitive function (3)

A

Methylphenidate

Modafinil - decreases NA transporters

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8
Q

Compounds aimed to increase mood and behaviour (3)

A

SSRI

BZDs

beta blockers

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9
Q

Latisse - (official name, original function, company who created it and effects) (4)

A

Bimatoprost

to treat glaucoma

Allergan

changed pigmentation of the iris, eyelid and eyelashes and reduced fat around the eye

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10
Q

Overview of testosterone (7)

A

made by testis

secretion controlled by the pituitary

causes beard and hair growth

causes prostate growth

causes muscle and bone growth

stimulates sperm production

secreted in small amounts also by ovaries and placenta

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11
Q

What are the two main characteristics of testosterone effects and explain how each effects physiology? (4)

A

Anabolic

growth and development - increases RBC

Androgenic

secondary male and sex characteristics - Berthold, 1849

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12
Q

What are the clinical uses of testosterone? (6)

A

aplastic anaemia

muscle wasting from trauma or burns, HIV/AIDS

post menstrual osteoporosis

HRT for men

delayed male puberty

male contraceptive - rarely used

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13
Q

What variety of drug should never be taken with testosterone based drugs? (1)

A

corticosteroids

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14
Q

Which drug is associated with IED use and what are the supporting statistics? (2)

A

cocaine,

50% have done it in the last 12 months

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15
Q

What are the adverse effects of IED’s (5)

A

CVS effects

Haematologic effects

Psychiatric and Neuropsychologic effects

hormonal and metabolic effects

gender specific effects

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16
Q

What are the male specific adverse effects of IED’s (4)

A

gynaecomastia

testicular atrophy

male pattern baldness

increased body hair

17
Q

What are the female adverse effects of IED’s (6)

A

menstrual irregularities

clitoral enlargement

smaller breasts

reproductive dysfunction

deepening of voice

body or facial hair

18
Q

What is the unique adverse effects for adolescents who take IED’s (4)

A

epiphyseal plates fuse

pre-pubertal maturation

hormonal disturbance

psychological effects

19
Q

What are the psychopharmacological symptoms caused by IED’s (11)

A

irritability

distraction

anger

energy

insomnia

amnesia

euphoria

fatigue

violence

mood swings

confusion

20
Q

Explain why the emotion of anger does not lead to violence (3)

A

anger is used in training

it is a complex social construct

increased confidence, mood, determination and intensity

21
Q

What are the statistics for dependent and addicted anabolic steroid users and which study discovered this? (3)

A

30% are dependent

23% are addicted

Kanayama 2009

22
Q

What are the symptoms experienced upon withdrawal from anabolic steroids, aim to do them in descending order (9)

A

craving

depression

disatisfaction with body

decreased appetite

restlessness

decreased interest in activities

fatigue

headaches

suicidal thoughts

23
Q

Describe the structure and release of HGH (2)

A

a polypeptide hormone

released from the anterior pituitary

24
Q

What three conditions are most commonly linked with deficiencies in GH? (3)

A

Turner’s syndrome

Prader-Willi syndrome

Chronic Renal Insufficiency before puberty

25
Q

What are the adverse effects of HGH? (9)

A

headache

N&V

oedema

myalgia

arthralgia

decreased thyroid production

hyper/hypoglycaemia

carpal tunnel syndrome

injection site inflammation

26
Q

Describe the cascade the results in the regulation of GH and GH’s physiological effects (5)

A

hypothalamus

releases GHRH and GHIH (somatostatin)

these act upon the anterior pituitary to cause the release of GH

GH effects the fat cells, immune cells, bone, muscle and liver

liver secretes IGF-1 that acts upon muscle and bone also

27
Q

What previous medical history contraindicates the use of HGH? (4)

A

history of tumours

diabetes

cardiac disorders

acromegaly

28
Q

What occurs during long term use of HGH? (2)

A

increased organ size

thickening of skin

PPDA (14 decks)

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