Performance or Image Enhancing Drugs Flashcards
What is Marmala? (3)
Performance Enhancing Drug
used between 1908-1940
contains laxatives and thyroid extract
What is DNP? (3)
Performance Enhancing Drug - Dinitrophenol
narrow therapeutic index - 10 deaths in 1930’s and lead to cataracts
metabolic poison that increases body temperature
What compounds are used to cause muscle growth? (2)
GHs
anabolic steroids
What compounds are used for weight loss and what are their mechanisms (6)
Rimonobant
CB1 antagonist
Sibutramine
increase noradrenaline and 5-HT
DNP
increased intracellular Ca+
What compounds are used for skin and hair growth? (3)
Mercury Creams
Melanotan II - agonist for melanocortin
Latisse
Compounds used to increase sexual behaviour (2)
Sildenafil
Bremelanotide
Compounds used to increase cognitive function (3)
Methylphenidate
Modafinil - decreases NA transporters
Compounds aimed to increase mood and behaviour (3)
SSRI
BZDs
beta blockers
Latisse - (official name, original function, company who created it and effects) (4)
Bimatoprost
to treat glaucoma
Allergan
changed pigmentation of the iris, eyelid and eyelashes and reduced fat around the eye
Overview of testosterone (7)
made by testis
secretion controlled by the pituitary
causes beard and hair growth
causes prostate growth
causes muscle and bone growth
stimulates sperm production
secreted in small amounts also by ovaries and placenta
What are the two main characteristics of testosterone effects and explain how each effects physiology? (4)
Anabolic
growth and development - increases RBC
Androgenic
secondary male and sex characteristics - Berthold, 1849
What are the clinical uses of testosterone? (6)
aplastic anaemia
muscle wasting from trauma or burns, HIV/AIDS
post menstrual osteoporosis
HRT for men
delayed male puberty
male contraceptive - rarely used
What variety of drug should never be taken with testosterone based drugs? (1)
corticosteroids
Which drug is associated with IED use and what are the supporting statistics? (2)
cocaine,
50% have done it in the last 12 months
What are the adverse effects of IED’s (5)
CVS effects
Haematologic effects
Psychiatric and Neuropsychologic effects
hormonal and metabolic effects
gender specific effects
What are the male specific adverse effects of IED’s (4)
gynaecomastia
testicular atrophy
male pattern baldness
increased body hair
What are the female adverse effects of IED’s (6)
menstrual irregularities
clitoral enlargement
smaller breasts
reproductive dysfunction
deepening of voice
body or facial hair
What is the unique adverse effects for adolescents who take IED’s (4)
epiphyseal plates fuse
pre-pubertal maturation
hormonal disturbance
psychological effects
What are the psychopharmacological symptoms caused by IED’s (11)
irritability
distraction
anger
energy
insomnia
amnesia
euphoria
fatigue
violence
mood swings
confusion
Explain why the emotion of anger does not lead to violence (3)
anger is used in training
it is a complex social construct
increased confidence, mood, determination and intensity
What are the statistics for dependent and addicted anabolic steroid users and which study discovered this? (3)
30% are dependent
23% are addicted
Kanayama 2009
What are the symptoms experienced upon withdrawal from anabolic steroids, aim to do them in descending order (9)
craving
depression
disatisfaction with body
decreased appetite
restlessness
decreased interest in activities
fatigue
headaches
suicidal thoughts
Describe the structure and release of HGH (2)
a polypeptide hormone
released from the anterior pituitary
What three conditions are most commonly linked with deficiencies in GH? (3)
Turner’s syndrome
Prader-Willi syndrome
Chronic Renal Insufficiency before puberty
What are the adverse effects of HGH? (9)
headache
N&V
oedema
myalgia
arthralgia
decreased thyroid production
hyper/hypoglycaemia
carpal tunnel syndrome
injection site inflammation
Describe the cascade the results in the regulation of GH and GH’s physiological effects (5)
hypothalamus
releases GHRH and GHIH (somatostatin)
these act upon the anterior pituitary to cause the release of GH
GH effects the fat cells, immune cells, bone, muscle and liver
liver secretes IGF-1 that acts upon muscle and bone also
What previous medical history contraindicates the use of HGH? (4)
history of tumours
diabetes
cardiac disorders
acromegaly
What occurs during long term use of HGH? (2)
increased organ size
thickening of skin
