Perfectionism Flashcards
What is Perfectionism?
It is a personality trait which permeates all aspects of life (e.g. school, work etc.)
How is Perfectionism characterised?
Perfectionism is characterised by excessively high-personal standards and overly critical self-evaluations (Frost et al., 1990)
Define Perfectionistic Strivings:
aspects of perfectionism associated with self‐oriented striving for
perfection and the setting of very high personal performance
standards
Gotwals et al. (2012, p. 264)
Define Perfectionistic Concerns
aspects associated with concerns over making mistakes, fear of
negative social evaluation, and negative reactions to
imperfection
Gotwals et al. (2012, p. 264)
Name 3 approaches to Studying Perfectionism in Sport
- Independent Effects Approach
- Tripartite Model of Perfectionism
- The 2 x 2 Model of Perfectionism
Describe the Independent Effects Approach (IEA)
The IEA considers perfectionistic strivings and perfectionistic concerns separately. It allows you to consider one, whilst controlling for the other.
Who suggested the IEA?
Jowett et al. (2016)
What did Jowett et al. (2016) find after their review of 70 studies?
They found that perfectionistic concerns were related to problematic traits, but the perfectionistic strivings were adapative.
Who suggested the Tripartate model of perfectionism?
Stoeber & Otto, (2006)
State the 3 orientations of the tripartate model of perfectionism
Healthy Perfectionism
Non-Perfectionism
Unhealthy Perfectionism
Define healthy perfectionism
Healthy perfectionism is defined by high levels on perfectionistic strivings combined with low levels on perfectionistic concerns
Define non-perfectionism
Non-perfectionism is defined by low levels on perfectionistic strivings and undifferentiated levels of perfectionistic concerns
Define unhealthy perfectionism
Unhealthy perfectionism is defined by high levels of both perfectionistic concerns and strivings
Name a study which supports the Tripartate model of perfectionism
Sapieja et al. (2011)
What did Sapieja et al. (2011) do?
194 athletes filled ou the Sport-MPS-2 questionnaire
What did Sapieja et al. (2011) find?
Cluster analysis, had identified 3 profiled: Unhealthy perfectionists, healthy perfectionists, and non-perfectionists, showing evidence of the 3 orientations’ existence.
Who suggested the 2x2 model of perfectionism
Gaudreau & Thompson (2010)
What did the 2 x 2 model of perfectionism (Gaudreau & Thompson, 2010) suggest?
The model that gaudreau and thompson (2010) went against the Tripartite model of perfectionism, and suggested not 3, but 4 subtypes of perfectionism.
What are the 4 subtypes of perfectionism in the 2 x 2 model of perfectionism
> Non-Perfectionism
Pure Evaluative Concerns Perfectionism (ECP)
Pure Personal Standards Perfectionism (PSP)
Mixed Perfectionism
How does the 2 x 2 model of perfectionism differentiate from the Tripartite model of perfectionism
This differentiation, however, is central to the 2 × 2 model of perfectionism because
the model hypothesizes that the most maladaptive combination of ECP and PSP is pure ECP
(high ECP, low PSP), and not what the tripartite model regards as unhealthy or maladaptive
perfectionism (high ECP, high PSP).
What evidence supports the 2 x 2 model of perfectionism (Gaudreau & Thompson, 2010)
Hill & Madigan (2017)
What did Hill & Madigan (2017) do?
Hill & Madigan (2017) reviewed nine studies using 2 x 2 model in sport and dance environments
What did Hill & Madigan (2017) find?
They found that overall the suggestions by the 2 x 2 model is supported by the results of the study analysed.
