perception (unit 3) Flashcards
perception
process of organizing and interpreting sensory information
form perception
we must perceive a figure from its ground up
depth perception
transform 2D-3D
motion perception
brain computes motion as images move across retina
perceptual interpretation
how we can recognize an object
selective attention
focusing of conscious awareness on particular stimulus
cocktail party effect
ability to attend selectively to one voice among many
inattentional blindness
inability to see an object in our midst
change blindness
when you do not notice something changes cause you are so focused on something else
visual capture
tendency for vision to dominate other senses
gestalt
tendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes
figure ground
figures that stand out from their surroundings
grouping
perceptual tendency to organize stimuli into coherent groups
proximity
groups nearby figure together
simularity
group figures that are similar
continuity
perceive continuous patterns
connectedness
spots, lines, and areas are uni when connected
closure
fill in the gaps
depth perception
ability to see things in 3-D and allows us to judge distance
visual cliff
suggest that human infants have depth perception (crawling age)
binocular cues
require both eyes
retinal disparity
images from two eyes differ
convergence
two eyes move inward for near objects
monocular cues
available to each eye separately
relative size
smaller image is more distant
interposition
if one objects blocks another we perceive it as closer
relative clarity
hazy objects are seen as more distant
texture gradient
course objects appear closer and fine objects are distant
relative height
objects higher in field of vision appear farther away
relative motion
closer objects seem to move faster
linear perspective
parallel lines appear to converge with distance
light and shadow
closer objects appear brighter; shading produces depth
motion perception
objects traveling towards us increase in size and objects moving away decrease in size
phi phenomenon
illusion of movement created when two or more adjacent lights blink on and off
stroboscopic movement
brain will interpret rapid series of slightly varying images as continuous movement
perceptual constancy
perceiving objects as unchanging even as illumination and retinal images change
template matching
brains have template for everything
prototype matching
see what best example of something is see close enough to match
feature analysis
break down feature into parts and analyze what it is
immanuel kant
knowledge comes from innate way of organizing sensory experiences
john locke
through experience we learn to perceive the world
perpetual set
mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another
schemas
concepts that organize and interpret unfamiliar information
human factors psych
explores how humans and machines interact
extrasensory perception
controversial claim that perception can occur apart from sensory input
parapsychologists
people who study beyond normal occurrences
telepathy
mind to mind communication
clairvoyance
perceiving remote events
precognition
perceiving future events
psychokinesis
mind over matter
