Perception: Face Recognition Flashcards
What are first order relations?
having the same basic configurations:
- eyes above nose + mouth
BUT this is not good for perceiving an identity??
What was the accuracy of the 2 alt face recognition task - asked to identified between pictures of 2 similar people?
100% accurate MOST of the time
Rather than having the same basic configuration, what may be more important?
Second-order relations:
- spacing among various features
What are the characteristics of Bruce and Young’s Face recognition model?
- info processing frame work
- Modular
- distinct pathways
=> for recognising familiar faces + expressions - parallel pathways
=> independent of each other but in parallel - Serial pathways
What does modular mean?
different sub-functions are processed independently
- cant be reduced any further
What do the parallel pathways in Bruce and Young’s model deal with?
- facial expression
- facial speech
- Visually derived semantic info
=> age, sex, race
According to Bruce and Young, what processing in facial recognition are serial pathways?
- face recognition
- person identity nodes
- Name generation
What is the familiar face recognition route?
- FRU - Face recognition unit
- PINs - personal identity nodes
- Name generation Units
What does the FRU store?
descriptions of previously encountered faces
What does the PIN store?
identity specific semantic info:
- where you know them from
- their job
- personal likes
What does the Name generating unit do?
Use info from PIN to generate name of the identified individual
Other than the face recognition routes, what other routes does Bruce and Young’s model have?
- Expression analysis
- computing facial emotions - Facial speech analysis
- lip reading + not limited to those who have lost their ability to hear
- McGurk Effect “Ma, ba, va, da” - Directed visual processing
- when looking for particular info from a face
What are some early evidence for Bruce + Young 1986’s Face recognition model?
- Young, Hay + Ellis, 1985: Memory loss diary
- Repetition priming found for familiarity decisions but NOT for gender or expression decisions
- Familiarity does not influence
- gender decision
- expression analysis - humans selective with identity + emotions
What were the most common errors in the memory loss diary supporting Bruce + Young’s model of face recognition?
- person not recognised
- Feeling of familiarity without identity
- person recognised but not name retrieved
- person misidentified
What brain support is their for parallelism?
- Neuropsy
- DD between the processing of facial expression + face recognition - Neuro-imaging
- fMRI
- different cortical sites active in the processing of identity VS emotions
What part of the brain is activated when trying to figure out the identity of a person?
inferior occipital + lateral fusiform gyri
What part of the brain is activated when trying to figure out expression of a face?
Amygdala + superior temporal sulcus
what is semantic priming?
response to a face is faster if it follows a closely related face
- THERE is no means to account for in Bruce and Young’s model :\
Describe the interactive activation + competition model (IAC)
- semantic info are pooled
- relationships between different info are represented by in the connections between the pools
- connections within pools = mutually inhibitory
- Connections between pools are mutually facilitatory
What does it mean by “connections within pools = mutually inhibitory” regarding the IAC?
- tom?
- no Tim, but tom takes over and inhibit u from accessing the right name in the name pool
- hopefully you can fix this mistake as it triggers other pools of info
What does it mean by “connections between pools are facilitatory” regarding the IAC model?
- if u remember Tim (FRU) it activates info related to him in others pools of into like his job (PIN) et
What have single-uni electrodes found about neurons and face recognition?
- have face-selective neurons in the superior temporal sulcus + inferior temporal cortex
What is the logic of Gnostic units?
- as u move away from the visual cortex, info travels through the Inferior temporal cortex
- as it passes trough the ventral pathway = more complex features added to image
- early visual codes = line orientation/ colour
- higher order features
What are grandmother cells?
- a specific neuron that only is simulated when the specific visual stimuli/ object is seen
- linked to not wanting to activate so many neurons “sparseness”
What did Quiroga, Reddy and Kreiman, Koch + Fried in 2005 find supporting the theory of grandmother cells?
- implanted electrode into those with interactable epilepsy in a range of locations
= hippo, amyg etc - pictures of Aniston varied but an individual neuron responded invariantly
- Pitt + Aniston = not the same response
