Perception and Attribution

Question 1

Perception

Answer 1

apprehending by means of the senses or the mind

Question 2

Perceiver

Answer 2

a person who becomes aware of things or events through their senses

Question 3

Perceived

Answer 3

the target individual or situation that is being viewed and influences our thought patterns of perception

Question 4

Influences of Perception

Answer 4

• Factors in the perceiver
  
  • Factors in the situation
  • Factors in the target

Question 5

Factors in the perceiver

Answer 5

attitudes, experiences and motives

Question 6

Factors in the situation

Answer 6

characteristics of the situation’s setting

Question 7

Factors in the target

Answer 7

size, shape, speed, motion, similarity, and any other visual or physical aspect of the target

Question 8

Perceptual errors

Answer 8

either knowingly or unknowingly trying to find shortcuts in making judgements of others.

Question 9

Types of shortcuts

Answer 9

• Halo effect
  
  • Central tendency
  • Recency effects
  • Contrast effects
  • Stereotyping
  • Selective perception

Question 10

Halo effect

Answer 10

taking an impression that might have been created for one situation and letting that influence your opinion in other situations or individuals

Question 11

Central tendency

Answer 11

looked at the average results of your team but did not realized that meant that some did poorly and needed help, while others did very well and should be praised

Question 12

Recency effects

Answer 12

Remembering the last task presented to you the best

Question 13

Contrast effects

Answer 13

contrasting between the decision item and reference item to make a comparison decision

Question 14

Stereotyping

Answer 14

setting general rules and ideas about groups of individuals based on our aggregate belief of the entire group and not the individual

Question 15

Selective perception

Answer 15

filtering what you see and hear to suit your own needs

Question 16

Attribution theory

Answer 16

how people interpret events and, in their minds, relate them to the way they think or behave

Question 17

Internal attributes

Answer 17

behavior is being caused by something inside the person

Question 18

External attributes

Answer 18

cause of the behavior to be the situation, not the person

Question 19

3 determinants of attribution theory

Answer 19

• Consistency
  
  • Distinctiveness
  • Consensus

Question 20

Consistency

Answer 20

the person acts the same way given the exact same set of circumstances

Question 21

Distinctiveness

Answer 21

if the person acts the same way in different types of situations

Question 22

Consensus

Answer 22

determining if other people put in the same situation would act the same way

Question 23

attributional bias

Answer 23

when individuals make an assumption about others without having all the data they need to be accurate

Question 24

Bias errors

Answer 24

• self-serving bias

- fundamental attribution error

Question 25

self-serving bias

Answer 25

individuals attribute positive dealings to their own character and negative dealings to external factors

Question 26

fundamental attribution error

Answer 26

when an individual assigns blame or a cause of something to the person themselves and does not take into account external issues

Question 27

Monochronic time

Answer 27

very structured and deals with time precisely

Question 28

polychronic time

Answer 28

tendency to blend personal time and work time together

Question 29

Power distance

Answer 29

when those less powerful in a society accept and even expect that power is distributed unevenly

Question 30

Formal power

Answer 30

bestowed upon an individual due to their position within the organization

Question 31

Informal power

Answer 31

an individual has a position or power over others, but it is not part of the hierarchical structure of the organization

Question 32

Expert power

Answer 32

bestowed upon an individual that has knowledge of an area that is expert in nature

Question 33

Low context

Answer 33

issues are fully detailed and spelled out

Question 34

High context

Answer 34

makes a lot of assumptions about the commonality of communications, views and knowledge