Perception and Attention Flashcards
Define sensation
The stimulus detection system by which our sense organs respond to and translate environmental stimuli into nerve impulses that are sent to the brain
Define perception
The active process of organising the stimulus output and giving it meaning
Describe top-down processing
Processing in light of existing knowledge
e.g. Motives, expectations, experiences, culture
Example: back masking
(refers to perception that is driven by cognition. Your brain applies what it knows and what it expects to perceive and fills in the blanks, so to speak)
Describe bottom-up processing
Individual elements are combined to make a unified perception
Refers to the idea that the nerve impulses we receive from senses activate higher cortical areas in order for us to perceive them
Which factors affect perception
Attention Poor experiences Current drive state e.g. arousal Emotions Individual values and expectations Environment Cultural backgrounds
What is focused attention
the ability to respond discretely to specific visual, auditory or tactile stimuli
What is divided attention
The ability to respond simultaneously to multiple tasks or multiple task demands
Highest level of attention
What stimulus factors influence perception and attention
Contrast Repetition Intensity Movement Novelty
What personal factors influence perception and attention
Motives Interests Mood Arousal Threats
