Brain and Behaviour Flashcards
What are the 4 stages of memory process
- Registration - input from the senses into memory
- Encoding - processing and combining received info
- Storage - holding of input in the memory system
- Retrieval - recovering stored information
What are the 2 types of long term memory
Declarative
Non-declarative
Describe non-declarative memory
familiarity with something, knowledge of how to interact with an object or in a situation without thinking about it
What are the 2 types of declarative memory
Episodic – memory related to personal experience (e.g. knowing what you did last night)
Semantic – memory for facts and what we think of as general knowledge (e.g. knowing what the capital of France is)
Give examples of strategies for enhancing memory
By assimilation – linking words with previous knowledge/giving words a meaning
Learn by mnemonics
Describe the significance of the right and left hemispheres in memory
most right and left handed people are left-lateralised (left-hemispheric dominance)
What are the right and left hemispheres concerned with mainly
Left hemisphere: Mainly concerned with verbal information processing
Right hemisphere: Mainly concerned with non-verbal information
Where is Broca’s area and what is it important in
In the left frontal lobe
Important for producing speech
Where is Wernicke’s area
In the posterior temporo-parietal are
What does Broca’s aphasia cause
Non-fluent speech
Impaired repetition
Poor ability to produce syntactically correct sentences
Intact comprehension
What does wernicke’s aphasia cause
problems in understanding language
Fluent meaningless speech
Semantic paraphasias (substituting words with similar meanings)
Phonemic paraphasias (substituting words similar in sound)
Neologisms (non-words)
Poor repetition
Impairment in writing
What is executive functioning
the executive system processes novel situations outside the domain of some of our “automatic‟ psychological processes
Describe common characteristics of the dysexecutive syndrome
Impulsivity
Disinhibition
Emotional bluntness
Attentional problems
Perseveration
Inability to plan/manage goal-directed behaviour
Copes with written instructions but not unstructured tasks
Difficulty grasping complex or abstract ideas
