Perception

Question 1

perception

Answer 1

means by which information acquired from the environment via the sense organs is transferred into experiences of objects, events, sounds, and tastes

Question 2

stages of perception

Answer 2

distal stimulus
proximal stimulus
representation
response

Question 3

distal stimulus

Answer 3

the object looked at

Question 4

proximal stimulus

Answer 4

the image of the object on the retina

Question 5

representation

Answer 5

brain image of the object

Question 6

response

Answer 6

reaction to what is seen

Question 7

lack of correspondence

Answer 7

having a representation of something that isn’t actually there
the perceptual experience doesn’t correspond to the distal stimulus

Question 8

paradoxical correspondence

Answer 8

the proximal stimulus doesn’t match the distal stimuli, but the perceptual experience does

Question 9

examples of paradoxical correspondence

Answer 9

size
color
shape

Question 10

what are the modern theoretical approaches to perception

Answer 10

direct perception

constructivism

Question 11

direct perception

Answer 11

the environment provides all the necessary information for accurate perception
all the information is in the proximal stimulus
movement helps one pick up information
learning is de-emphasized
is purely bottom-up processing

Question 12

constructivism

Answer 12

perception uses data from the world and prior knowledge and expectations
combines bottom-up and top-down processing

Question 13

what are the monocular visual cues?

Answer 13

linear perspective
texture gradient 
aerial perspective 
relative size 
interposition
shadow
motion parallax
accommodation

Question 14

linear perspective

Answer 14

lines that are parallel in the 3D world will appear to converge at a point on the horizon in an image

Question 15

texture gradient

Answer 15

parts of a pattern on a tilted surface form smaller images when the parts are further away

Question 16

aerial perspective

Answer 16

more distant objects are fainter and less distinct

caused by scattering of light

Question 17

relative size

Answer 17

if two objects are the same size, the more distant one will appear smaller in the image

Question 18

interposition

Answer 18

an object that breaks another object’s contour is perceived as the closer one

Question 19

shadow

Answer 19

shadows are assumed to be produced by light shining from above

Question 20

motion parallax

Answer 20

closer objects appear to move faster than more distant objects

Question 21

accommodation

Answer 21

distance information is based on the muscles that control the shape of the lens in the eye

Question 22

what are the binocular visual cues?

Answer 22

binocular disparity

convergence

Question 23

binocular disparity

Answer 23

distance information is computed from the difference in the images seen by the two eye

Question 24

convergence

Answer 24

distance information is based on muscles that control the direction of the eyes