Perception Flashcards
perception
means by which information acquired from the environment via the sense organs is transferred into experiences of objects, events, sounds, and tastes
stages of perception
distal stimulus
proximal stimulus
representation
response
distal stimulus
the object looked at
proximal stimulus
the image of the object on the retina
representation
brain image of the object
response
reaction to what is seen
lack of correspondence
having a representation of something that isn’t actually there
the perceptual experience doesn’t correspond to the distal stimulus
paradoxical correspondence
the proximal stimulus doesn’t match the distal stimuli, but the perceptual experience does
examples of paradoxical correspondence
size
color
shape
what are the modern theoretical approaches to perception
direct perception
constructivism
direct perception
the environment provides all the necessary information for accurate perception
all the information is in the proximal stimulus
movement helps one pick up information
learning is de-emphasized
is purely bottom-up processing
constructivism
perception uses data from the world and prior knowledge and expectations
combines bottom-up and top-down processing
what are the monocular visual cues?
linear perspective texture gradient aerial perspective relative size interposition shadow motion parallax accommodation
linear perspective
lines that are parallel in the 3D world will appear to converge at a point on the horizon in an image
texture gradient
parts of a pattern on a tilted surface form smaller images when the parts are further away
aerial perspective
more distant objects are fainter and less distinct
caused by scattering of light
relative size
if two objects are the same size, the more distant one will appear smaller in the image
interposition
an object that breaks another object’s contour is perceived as the closer one
shadow
shadows are assumed to be produced by light shining from above
motion parallax
closer objects appear to move faster than more distant objects
accommodation
distance information is based on the muscles that control the shape of the lens in the eye
what are the binocular visual cues?
binocular disparity
convergence
binocular disparity
distance information is computed from the difference in the images seen by the two eye
convergence
distance information is based on muscles that control the direction of the eyes