Perception

Question 1

What is featural analysis?

Answer 1

Recognition of a whole object depends on its features

Question 2

What is template matching?

Answer 2

Every object, event or other stimulus we encounter and want to derive meaning from is compared to some previously stored template

Question 3

In terms of Marr’s theory, what is primal sketch?

Answer 3

2D sketch description of main light-intensity changes of a visual stimulus, includes info about edges, contours & blobs

Observer centred

Question 4

In terms of Marr’s theory what is 2 1/2 D sketch?

Answer 4

Shading, texture, binocular disparity and very basic info about depth

Observer centred

Question 5

In terms of Marr’s theory what is 3D model representation?

Answer 5

3D aspects of an objects shape

Viewpoint invariant

Question 6

What is Bierdermans Recognition-by-component theory suggesting about how object perception is achieved?

What are they called?

Answer 6

Object perception is achieved via volumetric primitives

Geons

Question 7

How many geons?

Answer 7

36

Question 8

What is the whole picture?

Answer 8

A perceptual or structure possessing qualities as a whole that cannot be described merely in subparts

Question 9

What are GESTALT principles?

FCCPSC

Answer 9

Figure and ground 
Closure 
Continuity
Proximity 
Similarity 
Common fate

Question 10

What is common fate?

Answer 10

Elements are likely to be perceived as a unit if they move together e.g. Flock of birds

Question 11

What is similarity?

What are dissimilar objects thought of as?

Answer 11

Object look similar to one another people perceive them as a group or pattern e.g. A sigil

Anomaly

Question 12

What is continuity?

Answer 12

When the eye is compelled to move through one object and continue through another e.g. A curve

Question 13

What is closure?

Answer 13

When an object is not completed we fill in the gaps e.g. WWF Panda

Question 14

What is proximity?

Answer 14

When objects are placed close together they are perceived as a group

Question 15

What is figure and ground?

Answer 15

The eye differentiates an object from its surrounding area a shape is perceived as figure surrounding area is background

Question 16

What did Davenport and Potter find?

Answer 16

Inconsistent objects (priest/
Rugby player) and inconsistent background (church/playing field) were less accurate than consistent

Question 17

What is top down processing?

Answer 17

How our brains make use of info brought into brain by one or more sensory systems

Question 18

What is prototype matching?

Answer 18

An extant match between the stimulus and template is not required only an approximate match

Question 19

What is a prototype?

Answer 19

Abstract forms representing the basic elements of a set stimuli

Question 20

What makes objects become more salient in the environment?

Answer 20

Joint attention between caregiver and infant

Question 21

Taylor found New Guinea have two terms, what are they?

Answer 21

Mola- white, red, orange, yellow, pink, purple

Mill- black, blue, green

Question 22

What do many languages not have?

Answer 22

Separate terms for green and blue but one term

Question 23

How many Berlin and Kay’s universal colour terms were there?

What did Berlin and Kay argue their study suggest?

Answer 23

11 basic colour terms (monolexemic)

Different native speakers can perceive the world the same way

Question 24

What did Roberson find about grue?

Answer 24

Distinguished less between green and blue squares

Question 25

What is the dorsal stream?

Answer 25

Where stream

Question 26

What is the ventral stream?

Answer 26

What stream

Question 27

What is the pathway of the dorsal (where) stream? What is it responsible for?

Answer 27

V1 ➡️V2 ➡️ dorsomedial area ➡️ V5 ➡️ inferior parietal lobules Processing motion, representation of object locations, control of eyes and arms, especially hand eye coordination

Question 28

What is the ventral stream (what) pathway? Responsible for what?

Answer 28

V1 ⏩ V2 ⏩ V4 ⏩ inferior temporal cortex Form recognition and object representation, storage of LTM

Question 29

What did damage to ventral area cause?

Answer 29

Incapable of pattern discrimination, but coordination in tact

Question 30

What did dorsal damage cause?

Answer 30

Able to discriminate patterns but unable to navigate themselves

Question 31

What did Haxby et al. find the dorsal route was strongly activated for? What was the ventral route strongly activated for?

Answer 31

Location task Faces task

Question 32

What do newborns prefer? What are prefer top heavy or normal upright faces?

Answer 32

Geometrical non-face like stimuli with more elements in the upper part of stimuli over more in the lower Upright

Question 33

Is there a specific area for face in brain?

Answer 33

Yep, Fusiform face area Parahippocampal gyri

Question 34

What is face recognition governed by A. Configural info B. Featural info C. Both configural and featural

Answer 34

Both configural and featural

Question 35

Thatcher illusion (Thompson) suggests what?

Answer 35

We process faces as whole (configural) objects but also take into account their features (featural)

Question 36

What is Pragnanz law?

Answer 36

People will interpret things in their simplest forms

Question 37

Face inversion effect?

Answer 37

Faces are harder to recognise when upside down (inverted)

Question 38

Uniform connectedness?

Answer 38

Objects connected in some way e.g. Same colour, linked by likes are thought to be single (more connected than others)

Question 39

What is a visual buffer

Answer 39

A short-term visual memory store (Kosslyn)

Question 40

Reversible figure

Answer 40

Duck/goose

Question 41

Feature binding

Answer 41

Integrating an objects various properties into a coherent shape

Question 42

Selectivity

Answer 42

Very careful when choosing

Question 43

Invariance

Answer 43

To remain unchanged regardless of changes in conditions

Question 44

Tacit knowledge

Answer 44

We can know more than we can tell, knowledge that cannot be articulated via verbal means