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BIOLOGICAL AND COGNITIVE > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

CNS is made up of

A

Brain and spinal chord

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2
Q

Peripheral nervous system made up of

A

Neuronal that lie outside the spinal cord

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3
Q

What is gyri?

A

Bumps and convolutions

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4
Q

What is sulci?

A

Grooves in grey matter

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5
Q

Fissures?

A

Larger sulci

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6
Q

What are meninges?

A

Three layers of protective tissue called the dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater that surround the brain

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7
Q

Left hemisphere dominant in?

A

Language and movement

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8
Q

Right hemisphere dominant in?

A

Minor dominance

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9
Q

What connects the two hemispheres?

A

Corpus collosum and anterior commisure

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10
Q

Function of corpus collosum

A

Allows the flow of info between two hemispheres

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11
Q

Brain contains series of interconnected chambers which are filled with what

A

Cerebrofluid

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12
Q

Where is ceberofluid produced?

A

Choroid plexus

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13
Q

What are the four loves of the brain

A

Frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal

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14
Q

Where are frontal lobes located?

What is their function?

What does it contain? What is it?

Damaged?

A

Front of the brain

Associated with reasoning, motor skills, higher level cognition and expressive language

Motor cortex which revives information from various lobes of the brain utilises the info to carry out movements

Damage can lead to change in sexual habits, socialisation, and attention as well as increased risk takings

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15
Q

Temporal lobes is the location of? Which is important for what?

What else does it contain?

Damage?

A

Primary auditory cortex which is important for interpreting sounds and language we hear

Contains hippocampus= memories
Amygdala- emotion, fight/flight

Damage lead to problems with memory, speech perception and language skills

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16
Q

Where are the parietal lobes?

What is are they associated with processing?

What is the somatosensory cortex essential for?

What can damage result in?

A

Middle section of the brain

Tactile sensory information such as pressure, touch, and pain

Processing of the body senses

Can result in problems with verbal memory, an impaired ability to control eye gaze and problems with eye gaze

17
Q

Where are the occipital lobes located?

What are they associated with?

What does it contain? Which does what?

What can damage cause?

A

Located back of brain

Interprets visual stimuli and info

Contains primary visual cortex which receives and interprets information from the eyes retinas

Visual problems, recognising objects, inability to identify colours, trouble recognising words

18
Q

What are primary sensory areas

A

Responsible for processing basic sensory information

19
Q

What are association areas?

A

Regions that are not primary motor or primary sensory areas

20
Q

What is somatotopic representation

A

Refers to point to point correspondence of an area of the body to a specific point on the cns
E.g. An area corresponds to the somatosensory cortex

21
Q

Who was the Canadian brain who thought up the idea?

A

Wilder Penfield

22
Q

What is the basal ganglia?

Where?

What three things does it consist of?

What does it produce?

What does it do? By doing what?

What happens when damaged?

A

Masses of gray matter

Deep in the cerebral hemisphere

Caudate nucleus, putamen and globus pallidus

Dopamine

Controls certain muscle activities, by inhibiting motor functions

Movement disorders I.e. Parkinson’s

23
Q

What is the thalamus (gateway) for?

A

Relay motor and sensory impulses travelling to cerebral cortex

24
Q

What does the hypothalamus maintain?
By?

What does it link?

A

Maintains homeostasis by regulating motor functions

Links nervous system to endocrine systems (neuroendocrine system)
Via the pituitary gland

25
Q

What is limbic system involved in?
E.g. Fear, anger, and emotions related sex behaviour

Also involved in feelings of what?

Key structure in here?

What is cingulate gyrus?

A

Emotion and motivation

Pleasure related to survival

Amygdala and hippocampus

Pathway transmits messages around limbic system

26
Q

Where is amygdala?

What functions it involved in?
🤤😱💉♋️💭
AAEHM

A

Temporal lobes

Arousal 
Autonomic response associated with fear 
Emotional response
Hormonal secretions 
Memory
27
Q

What is the hippocampus important for?
📝💭💭

Implicated in what?

Who’s hippocampus was damaged ?

What was he?

A

Learning & memory

Alzheimer’s disease

HM-HIPPOCAMPUS-epileptic and memory loss

28
Q

What is the brain stem a group of? Located where?

What does it do to the cerebral cortex?

What other three things is it involved in? MMA

A

Nerve fibres located in the brain stem

Arouses it into state of wakefulness

Muscle tone
Movement
Attention

29
Q

What is the cerebellum (little brain) surrounded by?

What is it attached to?

What does it do?
✋️💪👄👁🍑

And it maintains?

What does damage do?
⚖️

A

Cerebellar cortex

Pons

Integrates sensory info concerning body parts

Posture

Impairs balance and coordinated movement

30
Q

What are the Pons and medulla oblongata

What is involved?

What are the vital functions?
💓💧🌬💉

A

Collections of dense nuclei

Arousal and sleep

Breathing, heart rate, swallowing & blood pressure

31
Q

What does the spinal cord have a major role in?

What can injury lead to?

Important for what?
🙇‍♀️🙇

What is predominantly controlled by this? 🚶‍♀️🚶

A

Movement

Paralysis

Important for reflexes

Walking

32
Q

What four neuron are involved in CNS?
🔼
What direction do signals move in?
➡️

A

bipolar (interneuron)

Unipolar (sensory neuron)

Mulitpolar (motorneuron)

Pyrimidal cells

One way direction

33
Q

What is the anterior temporal lobe associated with?

A

Semantic memory

34
Q

What is perceptual priming?

A

What you perceive something to be duck or goose

35
Q

What is conceptual priming?

A

Using prior knowledge and factual knowledge to determine something

36
Q

What is more vulnerable to neuronal dysfunction?

A

Episodic

37
Q

What is repetition priming?

A

Processing of stimulus is faster and more accurate following presentation shortly before

38
Q

What is the right posterior temporal lobe function?

A

Involved in auditory processing

BIOLOGICAL AND COGNITIVE (13 decks)

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