Perception 2 Flashcards
_________ argues that there is enough information in our environment to make sense of the world in a direct way.
Gibson
As we move through our environment, objects which are close to us pass us by faster than those further away.
Bottom-up Theory
Changes in the flow of optic array contains important information about what type of movement is taking place.
Light and the Environment
Gibson claims that the center of that movement indicates the direction in which the perceiver is moving.
Light and the Environment
Gibson notes that we rarely see a static view of an object or scene.
When we move our head and eyes or walk around our environment, things move in and out of our viewing fields.
Invariants
What are some examples of invariants?
- Texture perspective
- Linear perspective
Cues in the environment that aid perception.
Affordances
What are some examples of affordances?
- Optical Array
- Relative Brightness
- Texture Gradient
- Relative Size
- Superimposition
What are some evidences against Gibson’s theory?
- Fails to explain why perceptions are sometimes incorrect.
- Fails to explain naturally occurring illusions.
- Weakest aspect is affordances.
Gregory sees perception as a “hypothesis”. Formation of incorrect hypotheses will lead to errors in perception.
Top-down Theory
A lot of information reaches the eyes but is lost by the time it reaches the brain (90% lost)
Gregory’s Top-down Theory
What are some evidences that support Gregory’s Theory?
- Perception allows behavior to be generally appropriate to non-sensed object characteristics.
- Perceptions can be interpreted.
In Gregory’s Theory, multiple perception is possible because ________.
Brain develops 2 equally reasonable hypotheses, and is unable to decide between the 2.
