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Cognitive Psychology > Attention > Flashcards

Attention Flashcards

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1
Q

The ability to focus selectively on a selected stimulus, sustaining that focus, and shifting it at will.

The ability to concentrate.

A

Attention

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2
Q

Attention is the “taking possession by the mind in clear and vivid form, of one of out of what seem several simultaneously possible objects/trains of thought.”

A

William James

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3
Q

Implies withdrawal from some things in order to deal effectively with others.

A condition which has a real opposite in the confused, dazed, scatterbrained state.

A

Attention

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4
Q

A basic component of our biology, present even at birth.

A

Attention

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5
Q

What are some roles of attention?

A
  1. To survive
  2. To create memories
  3. To complete specific tasks
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6
Q

Our __________ help us determine which events in our environment need to be attended to, a process that aids in our ability to survive.

A

Orienting Reflexes

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7
Q

Newborns attend to environmental stimuli such as _________.

A

Loud Noises

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8
Q

Refers to responding to discrete visual, auditory, or tactile stimuli

Head turning to stimuli

A

Focused Attention

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9
Q

Refers to vigilance (over time) and working memory.

(Active holding and manipulating info)

A

Sustained Attention

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10
Q

Ability to ignore irrelevant or distracting stimuli.

A

Selective Attention

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11
Q

Capacity for mental flexibility

A

Alternating Attention

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12
Q

Ability to respond to multiple, simultaneous tasks.

A

Divided Attention

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13
Q

Transitioning between activities without feeling overwhelmed is an example of _______.

A

Alternating Attention

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14
Q

a.k.a Attention Span

A

Sustained Attention

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15
Q

What are the 3 Stages of Attention?

A
  1. Grab Attention
  2. Keep Attention
  3. End Attention
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16
Q

Ability to focus cognitive, perceptual, sensory, and activity toward the skill they’re attempting to learn.

Limits extraneous stimuli.

A

Focused Attention

17
Q

Having a conversation in a crowded restaurant is an example of _______.

A

Selective Attention

18
Q

Difficult tasks reduce ability to divide attention.

A

Resource Demands

19
Q

What is Kahneman’s Resource Theory?

A

Mental resources are:
1. Shared by tasks.
2. Finite.

20
Q

Attention Span in 2000

A

13 secs

21
Q

Attention Span of goldfish

A

9 seconds

22
Q

Attention Span in 2015

A

8 secs

23
Q

Attention Span of internet user

A

3-5 secs

24
Q

Consequences of Divided Attention

A
  1. Struggle to multi-task.
  2. Deliberate in completing one task before moving to next.
  3. Easily overwhelmed.
25
Q

Other consequences of Divided Attention

A
  1. Slower response time in phone talks.
  2. Distracted by web advertisements.
  3. Worsens in irrelevant textbook materials.
26
Q

Kids are very active all the time and are often on the go.

Try to take it all in instead of focusing on the task they need to focus on.

A

Movers

27
Q

Don’t get out of their seat, but constantly move while seated. Change body positions frequently.

A

Squirmers

28
Q

Physically present, mentally miles away.

Often fidgeting with something at their desk.

A

Daydreamers

29
Q

What are the characteristics of Attention?

A
  1. Selective mental activity.
  2. Constantly shifts from one object to another.
  3. Focuses consciousness on a particular object.
  4. State of alertness.
30
Q

Anterior Cingulate Cortex; Learned

Importance, timeliness, efficiency, learned values

Socially Aware, Time sensitive

A

Cognitive Attention

31
Q

Basal Ganglia; Innate

Interest, emotional engagement, novelty, urgency

Socially blind; Time-blind

A

Emotional Attention

32
Q

How to improve attention?

A
  1. Avoid multitasking.
  2. Get enough sleep.
  3. Practice mindfulness.
33
Q

Types of Attention Grabbers

A
  1. Anecdote
  2. Statistics
  3. Question
  4. Description
  5. Joke
34
Q

Symptoms of Attention Disorders

A
  1. Fails to listen
  2. Frequent Forgetfulness
  3. Inability to focus
  4. Fails to follow instructions
  5. Avoid difficult tasks
  6. Overlook details
35
Q
A

Cognitive Psychology (14 decks)

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