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Consciousness > Perception > Flashcards

Perception Flashcards

1
Q

What is Perception

A

Making ‘sense’ of what our senses tell us. The active process or organising stimulus input and giving it meaning.

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2
Q

What is sensation?

A

The stimulus detection process by which our sense organs respond to and translate environmental stimuli into nerve impulses, then sent to the brain.

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3
Q

What is transduction?

A

The process of characteristics of stimulus being changed into impulses.

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4
Q

What is Psychophysics?

A

The study of relations between physical characteristics of stimuli and sensory capabilities.

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5
Q

What are the limits of sensitivity?

A

The most, or least, stimuli that a human can detect.

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6
Q

Differences between stimuli

A

The smallest difference between two stimuli that we can detect. Eg. Different shades of a colour or different brightnesses of light.

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7
Q

What is the absolute threshold?

A

The lowest intensity a stimuli can be detected at.

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8
Q

What is Subliminal Stimuli?

A

Very weak stimuli that do not register in awareness.

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9
Q

What is Decision Criteria?

A

The standard a person sets for themselves about how certain they are that a stimuli is present before they’ll admit that it’s there.

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10
Q

What is signal-detection theory?

A

Factors that influence sensory judgements

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11
Q

What is Difference Threshold?

A

The smallest difference between two stimuli that people can perceive 50% of the time.

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12
Q

What is Difference Threshold also known as?

A

Just Noticeable Difference (JND)

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13
Q

What is the Vestibular system used for?

A

Processing of optic-flow motion signals and sense of balance.

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14
Q

What is the Vestibular system?

A

Part of the middle ear and consists of fluid-filled chambers. Responds to inertial forces produced by speed and direction changes.

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15
Q

What are optic-flow signals?

A

Patterns of motion that images on eyes undergo as we move through the world. Also helps with balance, such as standing on one leg with eyes open.

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16
Q

Is vestibular system sensitive to variations in speed?

A

Yes.

17
Q

Is Optic-flow sensitive to variations in speed?

A

No.

18
Q

What is bottom-up processing?

A

Taking in individual elements of a stimulus and joining them together to create a single perception.

19
Q

What is top-down processing?

A

Sensory information being processed based off already existed knowledge, concepts and ideas.

20
Q

What is Inattentional blindness?

A

Failing to pay attention to certain stimuli due to attention being on another stimuli, meaning we are unable to register failed stimuli in consciousness.

21
Q

Figure-ground relations

A

Bring able to organise stimuli into a foreground/central figure and a background.

22
Q

What are the Gestalt laws of perpetual organisation?

A

Simiarity, Proximity, Closure, Continuity, Common Fate, Synchrony, Common region & Connectedness

23
Q

What is perceptual schema?

A

A mental representation or image containing critical and distinctive features of a person, object, event or other perceptual phenomenon.

24
Q

What is perseptual set?

A

A readiness to perceive stimuli in a particular way. Eg. Radar operator in war thinking a commercial aircraft is a war weapon from the opposition coming towards them so shooting it down, thinking it’s a threat.

25
Q

Global Processing

A

Processing individual items as a whole perception.

26
Q

Local Processing

A

Individual items being processed solely.

27
Q

What is an illusion?

A

Compelling, but incorrect perceptions.

28
Q

What are the two types of illusions?

A

Sensory and Perceptual

29
Q

Critical periods

A

When certain types of experiences need to occur to be able to develop perceptual abilities and brain mechanisms that underlie them.

Consciousness (7 decks)

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