Intelligence Flashcards
What is intelligence?
The ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations.
What is the ‘g-factor’ or ‘g’?
General Intelligence - 1923
What did Charles Spearman theorise?
G-factor - all mental performance could be conceptualized in terms of a single ability factor.
What are the 7 psychometric mental abilities, according to Louis Thurstone?
Numerical
Reasoning
Verbal Fluency
Spatial Visualisation
Perceptual Ability
Memory
Verbal comprehension
What are Yarmond Cattell’s two types of intelligence?
Fluid Intelligence (gf)
Crystallised Intelligence (gc)
Why were IQ tests first developed?
The french needed a way to see which school children needed extra assistance.
When did Binet and Simon develop the first IQ test?
1904.
When was the IQ test brought to the US, and by who?
1910, by Henry Goddard.
When was the Stanford-Binet intelligence scale developed?
1916.
Which sub-test is no longer measured?
Creativity.
What does WAIS-IV stand for?
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale - 4th Edition
What does WISC-IV stand for?
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - 4th Edition
How many sub-tests are there in the WAIS?
15 - only 10 are compulsory.
What does an aptitude test measure?
Potential to learn and perform well in the future. Verbal and quantitative tests.
What does an achievement test measure?
Specific to things already learnt; often used as classroom tests; reading level and ability.
What criteria should a useless intelligence test follow?
Reliability
Validity
What other factors influence performance?
Emotional arousal
Test anxiety
Physiological factors
Motivation
Self-fulfilling prophecy
What are the characteristics of an intellectual disability?
Perform certain mental operations slowly
Have a smaller knowledge base
Do not remember to use certain mental strategies even if they know how to.
How many categories are there for intellectual disabilities?
4 - mild, moderate, severe, profound.
What are the types of intellectual disabilities?
Dyslexia
Dysgraphia
Dysphasia
Dyscalculia
What does IQ stand for?
Intelligence Quotent
What is Eugenics?
The idea that children with lower IQ’s are genetically inferior.
When were the Wechsler tests developed?
WAIS - 1939
WISC - 1955
WPPSI - 1967
What is psychometrics?
The statistical study of psychological tests. Tries to provide a measurement - based map of the mind.
What is factor-analysis?
Reduces a large number of measures to a smaller number of clusters, or factors, with each cluster containing variables that correlate highly with one another but less highly with variables of a different cluster.
Psychometric approach
Attempts to map the structure pf intellect and to discover the kinds of mental competencies that underlie test performance.
Cognitive process approach
Studies the specific thought process that underlie the mental competencies or psychometric approach.
