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ICC2 > peptic ulcers > Flashcards

peptic ulcers Flashcards

1
Q

what is a peptic ulcer ?

A

chronic mucosal defect where there is an attack of pepsin

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2
Q

what are the types of peptic ulcer diseases ?

A

duodenal ulcers
gastric ulcers
oesophageal ulcers

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3
Q

what is the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer diseases?

A

hyperacidity

decreased mucosal defense mechanism

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4
Q

what is the main pathogenesis in gastric ulcers ?

A

decreased mucosal defense

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5
Q

what is the main pathogenesis with peptic ulcers of the duodenum ?

A

hyperacidity

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6
Q

what are the main causes of PUD?

A 
NSAIDS 
h.pylori 
smoking 
genetics 
stress
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7
Q

what are the types of gastric ulcers ?

A

benign malignant

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8
Q

what are the causes of gastric ulcers ?

A 
h.pylori infection 
delayed gastric emptying 
defective mucosal barrier 
bile reflux into the stomach 
NSAIDS
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9
Q

what are the symptoms of gastric ulcers ?

A

pain provoked by food intake
localized pain in the epigastric region
nausea and vomiting

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10
Q

how do we make a diagnosis of gastric ulcers ?

A

endoscopy

biopsy

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11
Q

what are the symptoms of duodenal ulcers ?

A

pain that is relieved by food intake
upper abdominal pain that radiates to the back
usually described as a burning pain

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12
Q

what are the causes of duodenal ulcers ?

A 
hyper secretion of gastric acid 
increased number of parietal cells 
increased sensitivity of parietal calls to gastrin n
reduced gastrin inhibition 
infection with h.pylori
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13
Q

what is the treatment approach to h.pylori infection ?

A

treatment regimens include
first line options
alternative or salvage options
levo-floxacillin containing drugs

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14
Q

what is the first line options for treatment of h.pylori ?

A

amoxicillin
PPI (omeprazole)
clarithomycin

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15
Q

what are the complications of peptic ulcer disease ?

A

haemorrhage
perforation
obstruction

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16
Q

what would a PU complicated with a haemorrhage look like ?

A
  • if the penetration reaches a small vein - the patient will detect vomiting blood (haematemesis) or tarry black stool
  • if the penetration reaches ann artery the bleeding will be alot
17
Q

perforation is a more common complication in what type of ulcer ?

A

duodenal ulcer

18
Q

what is the medical treatment required for PUD?

A

PPI’s
histamine receptor agonists
antacids

19
Q

what are parietal cells responsible for ?

A

HCL secretion

20
Q

what is the treatment for a bleeding ulcer disease ?

A

first step would be to resuscitate the patient
second step would be endoscopic treatment using one of the following methods :
- injection with saline
- heater probe
- clipping

21
Q

what is the effect of the saline injection on the ulcer ?

A

induces vasoconstriction and induces a tamponade effect

22
Q

what is Zollinger -Ellison syndrome ?

A

when a tumor is present and causes the stomach to produce ann excessive amount of acid resulting in a peptic ulcer

23
Q

what is acute gastritis ?

A

acute inflammation of the gastric mucosa characterised by neutrophil infiltrate

24
Q

what is the clinical presentation of acute gastritis ?

A 
dyspepsia 
heartburn 
nausea 
vomiting
epigastric pain
25
Q

what are the causes of gastritis ?

A

infectious and non-infectious

26
Q

what are the non-infectious causes of gastritis ?

A

autoimmune
Alcohol
allergy to gluten
crohn’s disease

27
Q

which type of gastritis is pre malignant ?

A

atrophic gastritis

28
Q

what are the two types atrophic gastritis ?

A

autoimmune:
mucosal atrophy in the fundus and corpus region
h.pylori-related gastritis:
inflammation mainly occurs mainly in the Antrum

29
Q

what are the causes of haemorrhagic gastritis ?

A

often drug induced

30
Q

what is haemorrhagic gastritis usually indistinguishable from ?

A

telengectasia

31
Q

how is haemorrhagic gastritis differentiated from gastric purpura ?

A

thrombocytopenia

32
Q

in what age group is chemo toxic gastritis usually found in ?

A

children

33
Q

what are the causes of rugal hyperplastic gastritis or giant fold gastritis ?

A

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
lymphoma
carcinoma
post-operative stomach

34
Q

what are the complications of chronic gastritis ?

A

increased risk of tumors:
adenocarcinoma
carcinoid
MALT lymphoma

ICC2 (42 decks)

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