acute swollen joint Flashcards
what are the differential diagnosis of monoarthritis ?
septic arthritis
crystal arthritis ( gout and pseudogout)
reactive arthritis
hemophilias
traumatic synovitis
what is reactive arthritis ?
sterile inflammatory arthritis occurring within 4 weeks of an infection
what infections are highly associated with reactive arthritis ?
salmonella
shigella
chlamydia
campylobacter
most serious cause of monoarthiritis ?
Septic arthritis
what is the most common joint associated with septic arthritis ?
knee
if there is a red hot joint and its the 1st MTP , what is thee most likely disease associated ?
gout
what is the first line treatment for acute gout attack ?
NSAIDs
then colchicine
then low dose corticosteroids - intra articular
oral corticosteroidds
in this order
what is the first line treatment for gout prophylaxis ?
allopurinol
what is the commonest cause of cartilage calcification ?
acute pseudo gout
on polarised light microscopy what is the appearance of gout vs pseudo gout ?
gout - needle shaped crystals that are negative birefringence
pseudo gout - rhomboid shaped crystals that are positively birefringence
what are the causes of hemophilias joint ?
hemophilia A : def in clotting factor 8
Hemophilia B: def inn clotting factor 9
VWB disease : def in VW factor
what is the management of hemophilia joint ?
replacement of the deficient factor
rest in extension of the joint
ice packs, analgesics and NSAIDs
in severe cases of haemophilia joint what is the management ?
arthroscopic synovectomy
what is the cause of acquired minor joint bleeding ?
may occur due to heparin or warfarin administration who suffer minor trauma
what should a bloody effusion make you suspect ?
pigmented villonodular synovitis
