jaundice Flashcards
what is jaundice ?
yellowish discoloration of the skin and sclera due to buildup of bilirubin in the blood
at what level does does the yellow discoloration start to appear ?
when the bilirubin exceeds 40 Umol/l
2.5mg/dl
what is unconjugated bilirubin ?
insoluble bilirubin
what is conjugated bilirubin ?
soluble bilirubin
where does bilirubin come from ?
catabolism of haem from the breakdown of haemoglobin
what is insoluble bilirubinn bound to ?
albumin
what is the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction between conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin ?
uridine diphophoglucuronosyl transferase
how is stercobilinogen made ?
conjugated bilirubin is metabolized by colonic bacteria
what is urobilinogen ?
a small amount of stercobilinogen is absorbed from the bowel, passes through the liver and is excreted in the urine
what gives stool the brown colour ?
stercobillinogen
in total obstruction what would the colour of stool be?
clay coloured , loon elte7ena aw el 7alawa because there is no stercobilinogen
what are the causes of unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia ?
excessive extrahepatic production
impaired conjugation/ impaired uptake
what are the causes of conjugated hyperbilirubinemia ?
parenchymal liver disease
obstruction of the biliary system
what are the possible causes of obstruction of the biliary system ?
such as cancer head of pancreas
what are the presentations of bilirubin in liver cirrohsis ?
both direct and indirect bilirubin are high