People, Urbanization and the Economy - Pre, current and post industrial cities

Question 1

what are the pre-conditions for city growth ?

Answer 1

Adequate food and water
Concerntration of people
Technological advances
Social Organisation / Heirachy

Question 2

the industrial revolution was the transition from _ to _

Answer 2

Farming (neolithic), Manufacturing (industrial)

Question 3

what effect did factories attracting workers have ?

Answer 3

Urbanization… concerntration of people near thefactories, urban areas still used for both housing and work, as technology develops this changes

Question 4

the industrial revolution bought about 2 social classes, what were they ?

Answer 4

• industrial capatialists : those who benefitted from owning or investing in factories
• working class : low waged and living and working in poor conditions

Question 5

what was the structure of early cities ?

Answer 5

power and religion in the center, rank distribution determines the residential pattern (lower classes in the outskirts)

Question 6

why did the industrial revolution start in the UK ?

Answer 6

Access to natural reasources (both from the land and trade routes), large avaliable labour force (transatlantic slave trade), Government support reduced the tax rate which enabled growth of industry, wealthy population (money to invest)

Question 7

Living conditions of workers in the early industrial cities

Answer 7

cramped conditions (overcrowding and spread of disease), high infant mortality rate, low life expetancy (exposure to pollutants and chemicals with little protection)

Question 8

what does the effect of social segregation have on populations

Answer 8

perpetuates inequailities and disadvantages certain groups … systemic inequalities

Question 9

what is the CBD used for in the modern city

Answer 9

economic hub, tourism

Question 10

Key changes in Post industrial cities in the North

Answer 10

loss of manufacturing activity (manufacturing now occurs in cities in the south where they can get cheaper labour and less restrictiive regulations
change of economy from amnufacturing to sevice sector-> service sector now accounts for 70% of employment

Question 11

what effect did advancement of transport have on post industrial cities ?

Answer 11

physical seperation of work and home
urban & sub-urban sprawl -> leads to social distancing and class divisions (those who have access can move further away)
extension of the communting belt (blurred boundaries between urban areas (also questions the definitions of what is urban vs rural)