People, Urbanization and the Economy - demography questions

Question 1

what is the trend of natural population change in the Global North ?

Answer 1

Declining population, low rate of natural increase of >1%

Question 2

Total fertitlity rate in the Global North ?

Answer 2

1.7

Question 3

What is the replacement level for Total Fertility Rate ?

Answer 3

2.1

Question 4

Total Fertility rate in the Global South

Answer 4

4.5

Question 4

What is the trend of natural population change in the Global South ?

Answer 4

Rapidly growing population, high rate of natural increase +2%

Question 5

What was China’s population policy (1979 - 2015) and what was the purpose of it ?

Answer 5

One - child policy
aim was to reduce the growth of the population, it has been estimated that the population is 300 million people smaller because of the policy

Question 6

What have the effects / challenges for the future as a consequence of Chinas One Child Policy

Answer 6

4,2,1 family structure
high dependency ratio, with a large aging population and a small working population.
large gender imbalance (more males) because families had sons to carry the family name (cultural value of males over females)

Question 7

population polices encouraging higher birth rates

Answer 7

aim to increase population
incentives varied from economic, to reduced health care, increased maternity leave, access to public transport or housing ect. -> trying to reduce barriers that may deter people from having children

Question 8

Example of a population policy to incentivise births

Answer 8

Taipei policy was to give families $30,000 for 3rd child

Question 9

what are the key drivers of population growth ?

Answer 9

Technology advances and economic growth

Question 10

what are the demographic characteristics of the Global North ?

Answer 10

rich/wealthy countries, low population growth/stabilization, falling birth rates, high but stable urbanization levels, ageing population

Question 11

What are the demographic characteristics of the Global South

Answer 11

poor countries, high population growth, youthful population, social inequality, urban backlogs (slums)

Question 12

what is the purpose of population pyramids ?

Answer 12

they reflect key demographic differences within populations
- gender differences and differences in size of age cohorts
the shape of the distribution indicates different demographic characteristics and challenges of the country

Question 13

What is the typical population pyramid shape for the Global South and what does it tell us about the demographics of the country

Answer 13

Typical pyramid shape.
the wide base indicates a high birth rate and a youthful population
the narrow top indicates a high death rate
Example : Uganda 2004

Question 14

What is the typical population pyramid shape for the Global North and what does it tell us about the demographics of the country

Answer 14

Rectangle shape.
Base and top having similar lengths indicating a low death rate and low birth rates (natural increase)
Example : Sweden 2004

Question 15

what percentage of the global population lives in the Global North ?

Answer 15

25%

Question 16

In 2021 Tokyos population declined for the first time. what are some causes of this ?

Answer 16

death rates exceeding birth rates
natural increase is below the replacement level of 2.1
population increase because of migration may have been lees becuase of pandemic

Question 17

what is the trend in population change in countries in the Global North

Answer 17

static or declining population.
birth rate is below replacement level and reling on migration to make up population

Question 18

The UN predicts that by 2050 1 in _ people worlwide will be 60 years or older

Answer 18

5
20% of people

Question 19

what are the implication of having an ageing population ?

Answer 19

higher dependecy ratios -> economic consequencs of having more people reliant on pensions but less work force to collect taxes from
different needs from the health system and infastrucutre

Question 20

what factors are attributing to the deciling death rates ?

Answer 20

better access to healthcare, better access to water and sanitation, greater food security.
imporved quality of life

Question 21

what is a significant consequence of countries of the South economic growth not occuring parallel to population growth

Answer 21

the lag in economic growth resulted in countries of the south not having reasources to accommodate the increaseing population which will cause poverty & slum conditions

Question 22

what are ways to address the issues associated with an ageing population

Answer 22

increaseing the retirement age
adding incentives to increase the birth rates -> more workers and youthful population
incentivising migrants who are of working age to work in the country -> increaseing tax revenue
(Round 2012)

Question 23

Reasons for falling Birth rates (Round 2012)

Answer 23

development of pension systems -> parents no longer have to rely on their children for support
increased urbanization -> lack of space
Increased social and economic choices for women
avability of reliable contraception
cultural/social attitudes towards having large families changed

Question 24

examples of unexpected events that can rapidly alter population trends

Answer 24

spread of HIV/AIDS
colapse of the soviet union
end of WWII and great depression -> baby boom
COVID-19 pandemic

Question 25

The world is experience an ageing poplation as a result of declining birth rates. Between 1950 - 2000 the average age of the worlds population rose from …
(Round, 2012)

Answer 25

23.6 - 26.4

Question 26

what is the effect of having a total fertility rate below 2.1

Answer 26

the country can not naturally repopulate itself, relies on migration to have a net population increase

Question 27

In 2013, the UN estimated that the number of international migrants was over …

Answer 27

230 million

Question 28

Why is understnading population demographics important ?
(Fellmann, 2010)

Answer 28

” the numbers, age and sex distribution of people; patterns and trends in their fertility and mortaility; and thier density of settlement and rate of growth all affect and are affected by the social, political and economic organisation of society

Question 29

The Global South is associated with large volumes of population growth. In 2008, how many of the worlds 10 mist populous countries were in the global south ?

Answer 29

8/10 - if you count japan as acountry of the North
(Fellmann, 2010)

Question 30

there has been extreme population increase since the 1900’s.
what has the population change been from 1900 - 2000 ?

Answer 30

1.6 billion to 6.1 billion
expanded four fold in 100 years
- reduced time takend to increase population by 1 billion
(fellmann 2012)

Question 31

according to Fellmann 2012 what is considered a high birth rate ?

Answer 31

“birth rates of 30 or above per 1000 are considered high”

Question 32

according to Fellmann 2012 what is considered a low birth rate ?

Answer 32

less than 18 per 1000 are considrered low

Question 33

stage of _ development appears closley related to variation in birth rates amoung countries.
(Fellmann 2012)

Answer 33

economic

Question 34

according to Fellmann 2012 what is considered to be a high death rate and where are these rates typlically found ?

Answer 34

20 / 1000
found in less developed countries (Global South)

Question 35

according to Fellmann 2012 what is considered to be a low death rate and where are these rates typlically found ?

Answer 35

<10 / 1000
found in developed countries (Global North)

Question 36

example how the development of health facilities/medecine has imporved life expectancy
(Fellmann 2012)

Answer 36

the development of DDT to combat malaria in Sri Lanka. After DDT was sprayed extensivley the life expetancy in the country increased from 44 to 60 in 8 years

Question 37

What does the effect of increasing populations have on the environment ?

Answer 37

increase demands on the finite soil, forest, water, grassland and cropland reasources

Question 38

Migration (fellmann 2012)

Answer 38

involves the movement of people from one residential location to another

Question 39

impacts of migration on the origin nation and destination society ?

Answer 39

origin nation : have lost a portion of its young, active members of child bearing years
desination society : experience increase births associated with the youthful new members of the popualtion

Question 40

what percentage of land surface do 2/3rds of the popualtion occupy
(Fellmann 2012)

Answer 40

10%

Question 41

3 ‘revolutions’/developments that have caused population growth

Answer 41

Agricultral revolution, Industrial revolution, Medical revolution