people in groups

Question 1

define group

Answer 1

two or more people who share a common definition and evaluation of themselves and behave in accordance with such a definition

Question 2

define entitativity

Answer 2

the property of a group that makes it seem like a coherent, distinct and unitary entity

Question 3

what are the three points of group processes

Answer 3

1. th individual in the group
2. group functining
3. group&raquo_space; individual performance

Question 4

what are roles

Answer 4

patterns of behavioru that distinguish between different activities within a group and that interrelate to one another for the greater good for the group

Question 5

define status

Answer 5

consensual evaluation of the prestige of a role or role occupant in a group

or

the prestige of a group and its members as a whole

Question 6

what are the two models of group functioning discussed inthe lecture

Answer 6

moreland and levines group socialisation model

tuckmans 5 stage model of development of groups

Question 7

characterise group norms

Answer 7

descriptive and prescriptive

explicit or implicit

fairly resistant to change

provide guidelines on how to behave as a typical group member

can influence individuals in the absence of a group

Question 8

moreland and levine’s group socialisation model

what is the social process and group/individual strategies of a prospective member

Answer 8

social process: investigation

strategies: recruitment/ reconnaissance

Question 9

moreland and levine’s group socialisation model

what is the social process and group/individual strategies of a New member

Answer 9

social proccess: socialisation

strategies:: accomodation/ assimilation

Question 10

moreland and levine’s group socialisation model

what is the social process and group/individual strategies of a Full member

Answer 10

social proccess: maintenance

strategies: role/negotiation

Question 11

moreland and levine’s group socialisation model

what is the social process and group/individual strategies of a marginal member

Answer 11

social proccess: resocialisation

strategies: accomodation/ assimilation

Question 12

moreland and levine’s group socialisation model

what is the social process and group/individual strategies of a ex member

Answer 12

social proccess: remembrance

strategies: tradition/ reminiscence

Question 13

according to moreland and levine’s group socialisation model how does time and commitment interact in the passage of an individual in a group

Answer 13

commitment peaks in full member stage

bell curve shape of commitment to the time in grop

Question 14

what are the five stages of tuckmans model of group development

Answer 14

forming -
bringing separate individuals together

storming -

• conflict stage, resolve disagreements/status issues
• members claim/assigned to roles

norming -

• standards for interactions emerge
• members identify with group at greater degree

performing -
members focus on group tasks, decision-making, producing output

adjourning -

• group disbands and de-identifies
• stage of evaluation (task performing

Question 15

wha is social loafing

Answer 15

individuals work less hard because they believe others in group also working on task

Question 16

according to latane et al

what causes social laofing

Answer 16

motivation loss = social loafing

Question 17

what are the factors that influence social loafing

Answer 17

anonymity (all in group scored the same)

involvement in task

intergroup comparison

anticipated loafing of others (can improve performance)

Question 18

in group desision making

define brainstorming (osborn, 1957)

Answer 18

uninhibited generation of as many ideas as possible in a group in order to enhance group creativity

Question 19

what are the down sides of brainstorming

Answer 19

poor performacne due to:

• evaluation apprehension
• social loafing
• production blocking

illusion of success

Question 20

what is collective remembering

Answer 20

recall of correct information is greater in groups than in individuals

consensus and recognition of true recognition

transactive memory

Question 21

in collective remembering

what is transactive memory

Answer 21

group members have a shared memory for who within the group rememebrs what and is an expert on what

Question 22

what is group think (janis, 1972)

Answer 22

desire for unanimity over rationality of a decision

Question 23

antecedents of group think

Answer 23

exessive group cohesiveness

insulation of group from external factors

lack of impartial leadership and of norms encouraging proper procedures

ideology homogeneity of membership

high stress from external threat and task complexity

Question 24

symptoms of group think

Answer 24

feelings of invulnerability and unanimity

unquestioning belief that the group must be right

tendency to ignore discredited information contrary to group position

direct pressure exerted on dissident to bring them into line with group position

stereotyping outgroup members

Question 25

outcome of group think

Answer 25

poor decision making procedures

Question 26

what is group polarisation

Answer 26

the perceptual polarisation of the in-group norm away from positions not held by in-group members

(general 0 to +ve distribution of individual attitudes&raquo_space; more +ve norm)

in-group members conform to polarised in-group norm, causing distribution of ingroup attitudes to be homogenised and polarised