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pyb202 > intro to organisational psychology > Flashcards

intro to organisational psychology Flashcards

1
Q

what are the different lenses of organisations

A

design
- arrangement and coordination of work tasks and accountability (supervision/reporting)

cultural
- habits, typical practice, norms, identities, values

political
- interest, conflicts, competition coalitions, negotiations

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2
Q

what diciplines does organisational pschology draw from

A

social psychology

anthropology

behavioural economics

sociology

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3
Q

what is organisational psychology

A

the scientific study of psychological processes and behaviours of individuals and groups in the work place

typically focusing on large companies

includes interface between work and other areas of life (work life balance)

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4
Q

how d organisational and social psychology differ

A

social - relation to other people

organisational - individuals and groups in a work setting

organisaitonal can be seen as applied social psychology

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5
Q

what are the goals of organisational psychology

A

enhance productivity

increase employee satisfaction and health

manage absenteeism and turnover

address deviant workplace behaviour

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6
Q

what is taylorism (scientific management )

A

a management theory/strategy to increase employee productivity

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7
Q

that are the principles of scientific management

A

scientific methods of working

  • benchmarking
  • work out the best way of working

scientific selection and training

  • work out ideal characters of people for the job
  • provide with optimal skills and knowledge

cooperation between management and workers
- M help and support W to achieve optimal behaviours

equal responsibility
- shared responsibility ot M and W to develop and maintain ideal working patterns/conditions

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8
Q

what were the historical studies of organisational psychology that looked at what increases employee productivity

A

hawthorn studies

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9
Q

what did the hawthorn studies aim to determine

A

what the optimal operationg conditions for humans is

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10
Q

what conditions were examined in the hawthorn studies

A

examined effects of productivity resulting from:

  • light intensity

Later revisited to test effect of:
- rest breaks

  • working day length
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11
Q

what was found about light intensity and productivity

A

no correlation between light intensity

but productivity increase whenever intensity changed

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12
Q

what is the hawthorne effect

A

the temporary increment in performance that occurs at the onset of an intervention

performance often returns to pre-intervention levels after some time

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13
Q

why are the hawthorn studies historically important

A

increase attention to workers’ psychology

  • attitudes and emotions about their work
  • the meanings they assign to work
  • relationships and recognition at work
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14
Q

what is organisational behaviour

A

attitudes and behaviours of people at work

job satasfaction, organisational commitment, motivation, conflict

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15
Q

what is organisational change and development

A

improving or changing organisations

diagnosing, analysing, interviewing
- change management, reconstruction, evaluation

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16
Q

what is industrial psychology

A

e.g. human factors

interactions with technology/machines

error minimisation and prevention

17
Q

what is personnel psychology

A

organisaitonal focus:

  • job-person fit (job analysis, recruitment, training, appraisal)
  • safety

personal focus:
career counselling

18
Q

what are some classic research questions in OB

A

does personality predict performance

is a satasfied worker a productive worker

does paying a person to do something reduce their intrinsic motivation

are groups more effective than individuals

are leaders born or trained

19
Q

what are some contemporaty research questions in OB

A

how can we manage virtual teams

outcomes of increasing workplace diversity?

how can we organise and manage people in a globalised network world

how can we help people achieve acceptable work life balance

20
Q

what is the dependent variable of a OB model

give examples of dependent variables in OB

A

the key factor you want to explain and predict that is effected by another factor

  • productivity
  • Absenteeism
  • turnover
  • deviant work place behaviour
  • organisational citizenship behaviour
  • job satisfaction
21
Q

what is productivity

A

performence measure inc. efficiency and effectiveness

effectiveness - achievement of goals

efficiency - ratio of effective output to input required to achieve it

22
Q

what is absenteeism

A

failure to report to

huge cost and disruption to employees

23
Q

what is turnover

A

voluntary/inoluntary permanent withdrawal from an organisation

high turnover increases recruiting, selection and training costs

24
Q

what is deviant workplace behaviour

A

voluntary behaviour that violates significant organisational norms and threatens the wellbeing of the organisation and its members

25
Q

what is organisational citizenship behaviour

A

discretionary behaviour that is not part of an employees formal job requirements but promote the effectiveness and functioning of an organisation

26
Q

what is job satisfaction

A

positive feelings about ones job resulting from an evaluation of its characteristics

27
Q

what is an independent variable in OB model

A

the presumed cause of some change in a dependent variable

what are the determinants of the DVs

28
Q

what are the levels of organisational behaviour

A

individual

group

organisational system level

29
Q

what are the independent variables of OB models

A

Individual level variable

group level variable

organisation system variable

model becomes more complicated and sofisticated with each system

30
Q

whats involved in the individual level variable

A
  • individual characteristics that influence behaviour at work (personal, biological, psychological)
31
Q

whats involves in the group level variable

A

the dynamics of group behaviour and

how individuals in groups are influence by the patterns of behaviour the are expected to exhibit

what the group considers acceptable and

the degree to whcih group members are attracted to eachother

32
Q

what involves in the organisation system level variable

A

the design of the
formal organisation,
the organised internal culture,
its human resource policies and practices,
and change and stress all have an impact on the dependent variable

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