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VMCVM GI > Pelzer GI Exam 1 > Flashcards

Pelzer GI Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What type of virus is Vesicular Stomatitis?

A

rhabdovirus

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2
Q

How is vesicular stomatitis transmitted?

A

biting flies

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3
Q

What is the cause of Malignant Catarrhal Fever?

A

Ovine Herpes Virus 1 and BUFFALO are the most susceptible

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4
Q

What type of virus is Bluetongue?

A

Orbivirus

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5
Q

How is Bluetongue transmitted?

A

biting flies

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6
Q

What type of virus is Bovine Papular Stomatitis?

A

Parapox virus

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7
Q

Is Bovine Papular Stomatitis Reportable??

A

no, not in and of itself; HOWEVER, YOU CANNOT Differentiate between it and FMD so you should.

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8
Q

What type of virus is Orf?

A

Parapox virus

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9
Q

What is the main species affected by Orf

A

Goats - small ruminants; affects the EXTERNAL surfaces of the mouth

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10
Q

What are the foreign bodies of concern in California?

A

Grass Awns

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11
Q

Culprit of Wooden Tongue?

A

Actinobacillus lignierisi

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12
Q

Culprit of Lumpy Jaw?

A

Actinomyces bovis

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13
Q

How could you Dx Wooden Tongue?

A

Sulfur granules in the NODULES in the tongue of Gram NEG rods

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14
Q

How do you Tx Wooden Tongue?

A

IV Sodium Iodide and repeat in 7-10 days

Sulfas and Tetracyclines

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15
Q

What is an adverse effect of Sodium Iodide treatment in cattle with Wooden Tongue?

A

Epiphora – excessive tear production
Flaky Skin
Cough

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16
Q

How might you Dx Lumpy Jaw

A

Sulfur granules in pus from DRAINING Tracts due to osteomyelitis caused by A. bovis.

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17
Q

Does the defect go away from Lumpy Jaw?

A

NO the osteomyelitis has remodeled the bone

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18
Q

What would you first think of when you see swelling of the THROAT LATCH AREA?

A

Traumatic Pharyngitis

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19
Q

What do you think if a cow is extending their neck?

A

Difficulty breathing –> Pneumonia or Choke

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20
Q

When might you see more cases of choke?

A

Late Summer/Early Fall – when apples and pears are falling

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21
Q

Clinical signs associated with choke?

A

BLOAT, anorexia, staggering, salivation, head thrashing, neck extension

22
Q

Where are the 3 places obstructions can occur?

A

1) Post-Pharyngeal
2) Thoracic Inlet
3) Heart Base

23
Q

Culprit of liver abscesses

A

Fusobacterium necrophorum*** and Truperella pyogenes

24
Q

When would you expect to see liver abscesses?

A

FEEDLOT because of Rumen ACIDOSIS

25
Q

How could you tell a cow’s liver was painful?

A

PAIN on getting up and lying down. If it is enlarged it will HURT!

26
Q

What two conditions can result in Hepatic Lipidosis in ruminants?

A

Fat Cow Syndrome

Pregnancy toxemia

27
Q

What’s so important about rumen contractions?

A

1) help move ingesta through GI tract

2) help move the GAS around

28
Q

What is cud? Vomiting or regurgitation?

A

Regurgitation

29
Q

Primary contraction cycle

A

biphasic reticulum contraction
dorsal sac then ventral sac
omasal orifice opens allowing entry

30
Q

Secondary contraction cycle

A

for ERUCTATION

Caudal blind sac across the dorsal aspect of the rumen, pushing GAS down into the cardia = eructation

31
Q

How many contractions per minute normally?

A

3 - two primary and one secondary

32
Q

How often does a cow burp?

A

Every 2 minutes

33
Q

How does weather affect the cow’s appetitie?

A

Digestion generates a lot of heat. If it’s HOT they won’t eat as much

34
Q

What is bloat?

A

rumenal tympany

35
Q

What are the 3 kinds of bloat?

A

Frothy
Free gas - excessive gas and low pH
Free gas - obstruction

36
Q

What physiologically causes bloat?

A

receptors in the cardia which when covered with water, ingesta or foam will inhibit eructation
increased pressure, decreased contractions

37
Q

What causes FROTHY boat?

A 
Lush pasture (soluble proteins cause BuBBle formation)
High concentrate diets/grain diets (bacteria make mucoprotein slime and small particle size)
38
Q

What causes free-gas bloat?

A

Cardia is not cleared

1) High grain diet -> Inc VFA and low pH
2) HYPOCALCEMIA**
3) blockages/obstruction (esophagus, or postural)

39
Q

How do you prevent bloat?

A

Slow introduction to pasture
Feed ionophores
Feed dry hay before putting out
Poloxelene blocks

40
Q

How do you treat bloat?

A

relieve the pressure

use soap for frothy bloat

41
Q

What is normal pH of rumen?

A

5.5

42
Q

What do front legs UNDER the cow mean?

A

Abdominal or Thoracic PAIN

43
Q

Where do we see hardware disease more often? Why?

A

DAIRY cattle, more regimented feeding and closer to hardware than beef that spend most of their time on pasture

Only see in beef cattle if barn’s have fallen down after a storm

44
Q

What does hardware disease present as?

A

Chronic poor doer/ADR, milk production down, painful presentation of legs under chest trying to take weight off

Washing machine heart sounds/muffled heart sounds

45
Q

What is the GRUNT test?

A

rudimentary means of testing for PAIN – Positive for Hardware

46
Q

What is the hallmark clinical sign of hardware disease?

A

washing machine sounds

47
Q

How can you treat hardware disease?

A

Fifth Rib resection - remove it and tack pericardium to the body wall and drain it
OR
Magnet, Abx (PPG for a week), confinement while elevating front end, fluids and transfaunate

48
Q

Hardware prevention?

A

magnets at 6-8 months of age

49
Q

Simple indigestion in cows

A

Upset, ADR then 24 hours later diarrhea and things get better

50
Q

Papple shape

A

VAGAL indigestion

VMCVM GI (16 decks)

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