Equine Colic 2

Question 1

What percent of equine cases need to be referred?

Answer 1

5%

Question 2

What’s a big sign that you may have a serious problem?

Answer 2

NSAIDs and SEDATION did NOT resolve the pain discomfort or tachycardia of a colic

Question 3

Equine minimum database:

Answer 3

PE, NG Tube, Per Rectum and Response to Treatment

Question 4

What else might you include besides the minimum database?

Answer 4

Ultrasound**, PCV/TP, Lactate, Abdominocentesis

Question 5

How much is considered reflux?

Answer 5

> 2 liters

Question 6

Important characteristics of reflux:

Answer 6

1) Quantity
2) Color
3) pH
4) culture?? — if you get LOTS of reflux, culture

Question 7

When should you IMMEDIATELY NG Tube a horse?

Answer 7

HR > 60 bpm is an EMERGENCY and they might rupture

Question 8

What is the most common complication associated with an NG tube?

Answer 8

Hemorrhage – self-limiting but can look pretty intense

Question 9

What’s the drug we use for rectal relaxation?

Answer 9

buscopan** or lidocaine

Question 10

Do you fight peristalsis in a horse examination per rectum?

Answer 10

NO, DO NOT FIGHT IT

Question 11

What can you normally feel in a horse per rectum?

Answer 11

Bladder - if distended
Uterus and Ovaries
Inguinal rings STALLIONS
Aorta
Cecum -- on the right
Left kidney
Spleen
Small colon -- fecal balls
Large Colon -- Pelvic flexure on lower left

Question 12

Can you feel the small intestine normally in a horse per rectum?

Answer 12

NOPE, not normally

Question 13

What do you always check in stallions during per rectum exam?

Answer 13

Inguinal Rings for Hernias!!

Question 14

What causes ileal impactions?

Answer 14

Brome Grass Hay

Question 15

Is cecal tympany or impaction a referral?

Answer 15

Yes, not common

Question 16

Mesenteric band can be felt on small colon or small intestine?

Answer 16

small colon

Question 17

What do you do if you suspect a RECTAL TEAR?

Answer 17

EMERGENCY – Life-threatening and must be addressed immediately

Question 18

Grade 1 Rectal Tear

Answer 18

Just the mucosa is torn, no bulge or muscle is torn. Does NOT require Abx

Question 19

Grade 2 Rectal Tear

Answer 19

BOTH muscular layers are torn and will feel a BULGE

Question 20

Grade 3 Rectal Tear

Answer 20

Grade 3: A - Serosa intact
Grade 3: B - Mesorectum intact
POOR Prognosis = 35%

REFER THESE FAST

Question 21

Grade 4 Rectal Tear

Answer 21

All layers disrupted. Px 2%. Will likely die.

Question 22

Can you normally see Lumen in the SI of horse on US?

Answer 22

NO, shows distension or thickening

Question 23

Most likely reason for elevated TP in horse?

Answer 23

Dehydration

Question 24

Normal Horse PCV

Answer 24

31-47%

Question 25

Horse PCV > 70%

Answer 25

Horse is going to die

Question 26

Horse PCV ≥ 60%

Answer 26

significantly correlated with a WORSE prognosis

Question 27

What’s normal lactate?

Question 28

What does PINK abdominal fluid indicate?

Answer 28

Increasing WBC count