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Gross III Final > Pelvis and Perineum > Flashcards

Pelvis and Perineum Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the bony pelvis?

A
  • Protect the abdominal and pelvic viscera
  • Transfers body weight
  • Withstands compression
  • Serves as attachment point for muscles
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2
Q

When do the ilium, ischium and pubis fuse?

A

puberty

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3
Q

Review bony landmarks of pelvis

A

pg. 1

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4
Q

What is the fibrocartilage connection connecting pubis bones called?

A

pubic symphysis

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5
Q

What is the pubic arched formed by?

A

inferior pubic rami and ischial rami from both sides

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6
Q

T/F: ASIS and pubic symphysis are in the same horizontal plane

A

False, they re in the same vertical plane

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7
Q

Which structure is open to the abdominal cavity?

A

pelvic inlet

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8
Q

What does the pelvic brim consist of?

A

sacral promontory and ala, ilial arcuate line, superior pubic ramus, and pubic symphysis

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9
Q

How is the pelvic outlet closed off?

A

by the funnel-shaped pelvic diaphragm

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10
Q

What is the pelvic outlet bounded by?

A

pubic arch, ischial tuberosities, sacrotuberous lig., tip of coccyx

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11
Q

Which pelvis (greater or lesser) is also known as the false pelvis, and which is the true pelvis?

A 
greater = false
lesser = true
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12
Q

Which pelvis (greater or lesser) contains some abdominal contents?

A

greater/false

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13
Q

Which structure is contained between the pelvic inlet and pelvic outlet?

A

lesser pelvis

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14
Q

What are the differences between male and female pelvic bones?

A

Male = 60 degree subpubic angle, thicker, heavier, narrow/deep lesser pelvis

Female= 90 degree subpubic angle, wide/shallow and larger pelvic inlet/outet, round or oval pelvic inlet

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15
Q

Which type of compression causes fractures to pubic rami?

A

anteroposterior compression

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16
Q

Which type of compression causes fractures to acetabula and ilia?

A

lateral compression

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17
Q

Can a pelvic ligament cause a fracture?

A

yes, as it is torn away from the bone

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18
Q

What type of joint is located posteriorly between tuberosities of sacroiliac bones?

A

syndesmosis

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19
Q

What type of joint is located anteriorly between auricular surfaces of sacroiliac bones?

A

synovial joint

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20
Q

What ligament is the thin anterior part of capsule called?

A

anterior sacroiliac lig.

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21
Q

What are the features of the interosseous sacroiliac lig.?

A

broad, fibrous connections between tuberosities - primarily responsible for weight transfer

22
Q

What direction are the fibers of the posterior sacroiliac lig. oriented?

A

obliquely, superolaterally

23
Q

What are the functions of the sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments?

A
  • limit upward mvmt of inferior part of sacrum

- resist sacral rotational mvmt during periods of sudden weight gain

24
Q

Which direction are the facet joints in the lumbosacral joint oriented?

A

posteromedially, which helps L5 from sliding anteriorly

25
Q

Is the fibrocartilagenous disc of the pubic symphysis thicker in males or females?

A

females

26
Q

How much (in %) does the pelvic diameter increase during parturition?

A

10-15%, change is in transverse axis and NOT A-P

27
Q

What primarily closes the obturator foramen?

A

Obturator membrane

28
Q

Which foramen does the obturator internus m. travel through to reach the greater trochanter?

A

lesser sciatic foramen

29
Q

What is the action of the obturator internus?

A

lateral rotation, hold head of femur in acetabulum

30
Q

Which foramen does the piriformis m. exit the pelvis by?

A

greater sciatic foramen

31
Q

The nerves of the sacral plexus cross the _________ (internal or external) surface of this muscle

A

internal

32
Q

What is the action of the piriformis m.?

A

lateral rotation and abduction, and holds femur in acetabulum

33
Q

What muscle groups form the pelvic diaphragm?

A

levator ani mm. and coccygeus m.

34
Q

What is the function of the levator ani m.?

A

forms a muscular sling to support abdominopelvic viscera and resists increases in intra-abdominal pressure

35
Q

what is the action (not function) of the levator ani m.?

A

raises pelvic floor and compresses abdominopelvic contents

36
Q

Which muscle forms the narrow medial part of levator ani mm. ?

A

puborectalis m.

37
Q

What does the puborectalis m. form, surround, and create?

A
  • forms a U-shaped sling around anorectal junction
  • surrounds the urogenital hiatus
  • creates the puborectal sling at anorectal junction- the anorectal flexure
38
Q

What is the main intermediate part of the levator ani m.?

A

pubococcygeus m.

39
Q

Which levator ani m. is thin and aponeurotic?

A

iliococcygeus m.

40
Q

Which ligament does the coccygeus m. lie across?

A

pelvic surface of the sacrospinous lig.

41
Q

What is the innervation of the coccygeus?

A

VPR of S4-S5

42
Q

What are the differences between parietal and visceral pelvic fascia?

A 
parietal = membranous overlying muscles
visceral = adventitial ensheathing pelvic organs
43
Q

What makes up the tendinous arch of pelvic fascia in males?

A

puboprostatic and sacrogenital ligs.

44
Q

What makes up the tendinous arch of pelvic fascia in females?

A

pubovesical and uterosacral ligs.

45
Q

What separates the pelvic cavity from the perineum?

A

pelvic diaphragm

46
Q

What are the general borders of the perineum?

A 
mons pubis (anteriorly)
medial surfaces of proximal thigh (laterally)
gluteal fold and intergluteal cleft (posteriorly)
47
Q

Which anatomical triangle contains the external genitalia?

A

urogenital triangle

48
Q

what covers the urogenital triangle, spanning the pubic arch?

A

perineal membrane

49
Q

What structures perforate through the urogenital triangle?

A

urethra (in both sexes) and the vagina (in females)

50
Q

What is the central point of the perineum called?

A

perineal body, post to vag and ant to anus

51
Q

Which muscles attach to the perineal body?

A
  • superficial transverse perineal m.
  • deep transverse perineal m.
  • external anal sphincter
  • bulbospongiosus
52
Q

How could damage to the perineal body affect females?

A

prolapse of the vagiinnnee

Gross III Final (15 decks)

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