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Gross III Final > Pelvic Viscera > Flashcards

Pelvic Viscera Flashcards

1
Q

The ureter is a 25-30 cm muscular tube spanning from the _________ to __________

A

from kidney to urinary bladder

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2
Q

what is the function of the ureter?

A

to convey urine from kidney to urinary bladder for temporary storage prior to voiding

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3
Q

how is urine moved every 15 seconds in the ureter?

A

peristalsis

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4
Q

is the urerter retroperitoneal?

A

yes, along entire course

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5
Q

Where is the ureter located in the cavity?

A

superiorly in the abdomen, inferiorly in the pelvis

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6
Q

The pelvic part of the ureter begins when it crosses what?

A

external iliac a

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7
Q

How does the ureter enter the urinary bladder?

A

pass along lateral pelvic wall to enter inferior aspect of urinary bladder, enter urinary bladder by passing obliquely thru inferomedial wall

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8
Q

What part of the ureter is compressed shut as urinary bladder fills?

A

intramural section

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9
Q

What happens when the urinary bladder contracts in regards to the ureter?

A

utere opening is constricted and prevents urine reflux

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10
Q

What is the aterial supply to pelvic part of ureter in female?

A

uterine a, branch from internal iliac a

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11
Q

what is the aterial supply to pelvic part of ureter in male?

A

inferior vesicle a which branches from internal iliac a

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12
Q

What is the innervation of pelvic part of ureter?

A

sympathetic T11-L2 via renal, aortic, hypogastric plexuses

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13
Q

Afferent pain fibers from the ureter go where?

A

follow sympathetics retrogradely to coresponding spinal ganglia and spinal cord segments

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14
Q

Where can referred pain of the ureter go?

A

T11-L2 dermatomes, pain usually refers to ipsilateral lower quadrant of abdomen and groin

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15
Q

What is a strong, muscular vesicle with remarkable capacity for distensibility?

A

urinary bladder

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16
Q

what is the function of the urinary bladder?

A

temporary reservoir for urine prior to voiding

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17
Q

an empty urinary bladder in adults is located where?

A

in lesser pelvis posterosuperior to pubic bones

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18
Q

is the urinary bladder retroperitoneal?

A

nope, extraperitoneal

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19
Q

The urinary bladder is separated from pubic bones by what?

A

retropubic space

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20
Q

What forms the bladder bed?

A

pubic bones, obturator internus m, levator ani m, rectum or vagina

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21
Q

Is the bladder freely moveable or held in place by multiple fibrous ligaments?

A

its relatively free within extraperiotoneal fat except at its neck, aka nothing to hold it in place

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22
Q

Where is the bladder at in tiny humans (infants and children)

A

located in abdomen even when empty

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23
Q

where is the bladder at in lil pip sqeaks (age 6)

A

located in greater pelvis

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24
Q

Where is the bladder at in teenagers?

A

lesser pelvis

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25
Q

Where the bladder be at in us?

A

empty- entirely in lesser pelvis

full- expands into greater pelvis as it fills- may expand to level of umbilicus

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26
Q

Where is the apex of the urinary bladder?

A

anterior end pointing towards superior edge of pubic symphysis

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27
Q

Where is the body of the urinary bladder?

A

central region of urinary bladder

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28
Q

Where is the fundus of the urinary bladder?

A

posterior convex wall of bladder

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29
Q

the fundus of bladder in males is related to what part?>

A

rectum

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30
Q

the fundus of bladder in females is related to what part in females?

A

vagina

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31
Q

Where is the neck of the bladder?

A

narrowed inferior outflow region

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32
Q

Where do you find the detrusor muscle?

A

irregular smooth muscle comprising most of urinary bladder wall

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33
Q

Where does the detrusor muscle thicken?

A

at neck to form the involuntary internal urethral sphincter

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34
Q

What muscles makes up the internal urethral sphincter?

A

detrusor muscle of the urinary bladder

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35
Q

What is the function of the internal urethral sphincter?

A

prevents urine from entering urethra, prevents retrograde ejaculate from entering urinary bladder

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36
Q

What is the trigone of bladder?

A

2 ureter openings passing inferomedially thru urinary bladder wall and 1 internal urethral opening exiting inferiorly from urinary bladder lumen

37
Q

what is the uvula of urinary bladder?

A

rounded eminence in middle of trigone, most prominent in men

hypertrophy here may lead to urinary obstructive problems

38
Q

What pouch is located in between urinary bladder and rectum in males?

A

rectovesical pouch

39
Q

What pouch is located in between the urinary bladder and uterus in females?

A

vesicouterine pouch

40
Q

What pouch is located between uterus and rectum in females?

A

rectouterine pouch

41
Q

The superior vesical a supplies?

A

anterosuperior region of urinary bladder

42
Q

What is the superior vesical a. a branch of?

A

from umbilical a via anterior division of internal iliac a

43
Q

What does inferior vesical a supply?

A

fundus and neck of urinary bladder in males only

44
Q

What does vaginal A supply?

A

fundus and neck of urinary bladder in females only

45
Q

What is the parasympathetic innervation to the urinary bladder?

A

S2-S4 pelvic splanchnic n

46
Q

What is the parasymp function to the urinary bladder?

A

motor to detrusor muscle and inhibitory for internal urethral sphincter?

47
Q

What stimulates parasym to allow exit?

A

distension

48
Q

Urine flow is aided by contraction of what muscles?

A

diaphragm and abdominal

49
Q

What does toilet training do?

A

trains kids to override this reflexive action by controlling pelvic diaphragm muscles like pubococcygeus

50
Q

What is the is the sympathetic innervation to bladder?

A

T11-L2 splanchnic nerves

51
Q

What does sympathetic to bladder help with?

A

contraction of internal urethral sphincter in concert with ejaculation

52
Q

Visceral afferents of urinary bladder from superior surface follow?

A

follow symp. retrograde to T11-L2

53
Q

Visceral afferents from inferior surface of urinary bladder follow?

A

parasym retrograde to S2-S4

54
Q

What “organ” is approx 4cm long and 6mm in diameter?

A

female urethra

55
Q

the female urethra conveys urine from ____________ of urinary bladder to ________ in vestibule of vagine

A

internal urethral orifice ; external urethral orifice

56
Q

where is the female urethra located relative to the vagina?

A

anterior and parallel

57
Q

What supplies the female urethra?

A

internal pudendal and vaginal AV

58
Q

what is the innervation of the female urethra?

A

autonomics carried in pudendal n

59
Q

what is the 18-20cm muscular tube?

A

male urethra

60
Q

The male urethra conveys urine from ___________________ of urinary bladder to _______________ at tip of glans penis

A

internal urethral orifice; external urethral orifice

61
Q

Does the male urethra only convey urine?

A

no also conveys semen during ejaculation

62
Q

Where is the intramural urethra?

A

in neck or urinary bladder

63
Q

What surrounds the intramural urethra?

A

internal urethral sphincter

64
Q

Size of intramural urethra?

A

0.5 - 1.5 cm

65
Q

Where is the prostatic urethra?

A

anterior prostate

66
Q

What is the widest and most dilatable section of the male urethra?

A

prostatic urethra

67
Q

what is the size of the prostatic urethra?

A

3-4 cm

68
Q

What is the median longitudinal ridge on inside of posterior wall of the prostatic urethra?

A

urethral crest

69
Q

what is the urethral crest continuous with?

A

with uvula at trigone of bladder

70
Q

what are the bilateral grooves on either side of urethral crest called?

A

prostatic sinuses

71
Q

What opens into the prostatic sinus?

A

prostatic ductules

72
Q

what is the rounded prominence in middle of urethral crest?

A

seminal colliculus

73
Q

What is the vestigial remnants of what become uterus and vagina in female?

A

prostatic utricle

74
Q

What is the small cul-de-sac entered via slit opening on seminal colliculus?

A

prostatic utricle

75
Q

Where do ejaculatory ducts open?

A

in or near opening in prostatic utricle

76
Q

What part of the urethra is the 1 cm section passing thru deep perineal pouch and perineal membrane?

A

membranous urethra

77
Q

the membranous urethra passes thru _____________ and __________

A

deep perineal pouch; perineal membrane

78
Q

What surrounds the membranous urethra?

A

external urethral sphincter

79
Q

What is the narrowest and least distensible part of urethra?

A

membranous urethra

80
Q

where is the membranous urethra relative to the bulbourethral glands?

A

anterior

81
Q

What is the 15-16cm section of urethra passing thru bulb and corpus spongiosum of penis?

A

spongy urethra

82
Q

Where does the spongy urethra extend from?

A

perineal membrane to external urethral orifice on glands penis

83
Q

What is the typical diameter of the spongy urethra?

A

5 mm

84
Q

What are the 2 expanded areas of the spongy urethra?

A
  1. intrabulbar fossa - in bulb of penis

2. navicular fossa - in glans penis

85
Q

What does the proximal portion of the spongy urethra receive?

A

ducts from bulbourethral glands

86
Q

What supplies the proximal 2 parts of the male urethra?

A

inferior vesical AV

87
Q

What supplies the distal 2 parts of the male urethra?

A

internal pudendal AV

88
Q

What is the innervation of the male urethra?

A

autonomics derive from inferior hypogastric plexus via prostatic plexus

Gross III Final (15 decks)

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