Pelvis and Lower Extremities Flashcards
AP view of the Pelvis of the male patient best performed how?
Recumbent with 15-degree of femoral internal rotation
AP view of the Pelvis of the female patient best performed how?
Recumbent with 15-degree of femoral internal rotation
What are the ABCS of Pelvic exam
A- alignment of femurs
B- Bone density
C- Cartilage
S - soft tissue
This line must be continuous along the diaphysis of the femur and ramus of the pubis
Shenton’s line
Line that runs along the superior boarded of the femoral neck
Klein’s line
View done with 15 degrees of internal femoral rotation to check for femoral neck fracture
AP spot hip view
Triangle of weakness of the neck of the femur
Wards triangle
This view is used evaluation for femoral neck fracture and in a pediatric hip
AP frog leg Hip
Produced by summation of acetabular roof bone
Teardrop sign
Sunrise view of the patella is done with the knee at what angle
40 degree
Lateral ankle view must include what structure?
base of the fifth MT bone
What indicates an ankle joint effusion?
Obscuration or blurring of the pre-Achilles fat pad
DP and medial oblique foot views must include what structures?
All visible toes and heel
Lateral foot view must include what?
all toes and the calcaneus
Used to evaluate pes planus or cavus
Lateral foot view
Boehle’s angle should be fall between what degrees
28-40 degree
What fractured structure decreases boehler’s angle
Decrease
distal part is positioned towards
(medial) mid-line
Varus
distal part positioned away (lateral)
from mid-line
Valgus
distal part is turned posteriorly
Recurvatum
If the tear drop sign application is >2-mm on one side, this indicates what condition?
Waldenstrome sign-indicating hip
effusion
Angle formed by a line drawn from the center of the femoral head to the outer edge of the acetabular and a line through the center of the femoral head
Center edge angle
A shallow center edge angle indicates what?
Acetabular deficiency, dysplasia or undercoverage
Increased angle of center edge angle indicates what?
Pincer type or over coverage of the acetabulum
What causes increased acetabular angle??
congenital hip dysplasia
What causes decreased acetabular angle?
Down Syndrome
hip dysplasia is also known as what?
Dislocation of the hip
What are the lines used to evaluate congenital hip dysplasia
Perkin’s line
Hilgenreiner’s line
Shenton’s line
What does the barlow’s test indicate
dislocatable hip in infant
What does Ortolani’s test indicate?
Reducable hip in infant
Skinner line checks for what
Femoral neck fracture
Coxa-Vara (decreased femoral angle)
What is the range for normal femoral angle
120-130 degrees
What causes pseudo-widening of pubic symphysis?
Bone erosion
Patella alta indicates what?
Patellar tendon tear
Patella baja indicate what?
Quadriceps muscle tear
`Presacral space should be what in adults
7-20mm
Presacral space should be what in children?
3-5mm
What might increase the presacral space?
Soft tissue mass
T/F Sacrofuberous ligament can not calcify?
False
The accessory sacroiliac joint is identified between the ____ and _____ at the level
of the S2 foramen
PSIS and the lateral sacral crest
Calcification within
numerous pelvic veins
Pelvic phleboliths
What does DISH stand for?
diffuse
idiopathic
skeletal
hyperostosis
ununited ossicles or
secondary ossification
centers in the spine
Oppenheimer’s ossicle
Claw like protrusion in the pelvic cavity
paraglenoid sulcus
Fuzzyness on the ischiopubic ramus
Ischiopubic synchondrosis
Un-united part of the
superior-anterior acetabulum
Os acetabule
adult Os acetabule indicates what?
femoroacetabular
impingement syndrom
Bloch on the femoral head
Synovial herniation pits
essentially an overcoverage of the femoral head by
the acetabulum, found more in
women >40-y.o
Pincer type FAI
noted as bony bump
at femoral head-neck junction
CAM-type FAI
Refers to certain developmental
morphological changes in the
hip joint
femoroacetabular impingement syndrom (FAI)
____ may often represent
some abnormality due to some
arrest and followed resumption
in osteoblasts’ activity
Harris lines
growth resumption or recovery
lines
Harris growth arrest
sesamoid
ossicle in the lateral
head of the
gastrocnemius m
Os fabella
Line on the tibia from a pull of the soleus
Tibial Soleal Line
Unfused posterior tubercle of the talus
Os Trigonum
Accessory ossicle
medial to tarsal
navicular bone
Os tibiale externum
T/F Os tibiale externum
can be symptomatic
True
partial or complete fusion
between some tarsal bones
Tarsal Coalition
______ coalition
(45%) best seen on oblique
foot views
Calcaneal-navicular coalition
It is a sesamoid bone
within the peroneus
longus m. tendon
Os peroneum
Not to be confused with a patellar fracture and usually happens at the superior lateral aspect of the patella
Multi-partite patella
