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Anat > Pelvis > Flashcards

Pelvis Flashcards

1
Q

name the 3 fused bones of the hip

A

ilium, ischium and pubis

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2
Q

where do the hamstrings attach

A

ischial tuberosity

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3
Q

describe the scaral bones

A

2 alas superiorly (one on each side), promontory, lateral mass (fusion of transverse processes) & coccyx

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4
Q

what demarcates the true from false pelvis

A

iliopectineal line

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5
Q

describe the margins of the pelvic inlet

A

pubic crest, pecten pubis, arcuate line, margin of ala, promontory (then back in reverse order to complete the loop)

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6
Q

name the main pelvic shapes

A

female: gynacoid.
Male: anthropoid or android

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7
Q

describe diff b/w male and female pelvis

A

male is thicker and heavier, heart shaped

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8
Q

describe the dif in greater scaitic notch

A

male: narrow inverted. Female 90 degrees

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9
Q

dif b/w sexes in subpubic arch, obturator foramen and acetabulum

A

male: acute, round larger.
Female: obtuse, oval, smaller

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10
Q

describe dif in acetabulum/pubic symph measurements

A

in females the distance from acetabulum to pubic symphysis is greater than width of acetabulum, in males its the same

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11
Q

what is the plane of least dimensions?

A

passes from s4 through ischial spine to base of pubic bone

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12
Q

describe the sacro-iliac joint

A

3 ligaments: anterior, posterior and interosseous.

described as auricular

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13
Q

accessory ligaments of SIJ (3)?. What is their role

A

iliolumbar, sacrospinous, sacrotuberous. ligaments prevent the sacrum rotating (nutation)

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14
Q

describe pubic symphysis joint and reinforcements

A

2nd cartilaginous fibrous joint (hyaline, fibrocartilage, hyaline). 2 ligaments (superior and inferior arcuate). reinforced by abdo obliques, rectus sheath and adductor longus

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15
Q

name the muscles of the pelvis from a superior view.

A

obturator internus on lateral wall. piriformis on posterior wall. Pubococcygeus (including pubovaginalis/prostalis and puborectalis) coming from pubis bone. iliococcygeus underlapping and then ischicoccygeus

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16
Q

origins and insertions of obturator internus and piriformis? how do they leave pelvis

A

OI: origin is obturator membrane, insertiion is greater trochanter of femur. leaves through LSF
P: origin is 3 middle sacral bodies, insertion is also greater trochanter. leaves through GSF

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17
Q

describe components of pubococcygeus

A

Medial to lateral as well as Anterior to Posterior.
puboprostaticus (male) & pubovaginalis (female) sling around respective viscera.
puborectalis (needs to relax in order to shi) s
Posteriorly: remainder of pubococcygeus (inserts into ano-coccyx raphe)

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18
Q

angle of puborectalis?

A

80 degrees

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19
Q

parts and function of levator ani?

A

pubo and iliococcygeous lift. ischio not functional

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20
Q

describe which kind of fascia will go where with respect to pelivs?

A

loose will overly structures that need to move (eg. pubococcygeous, bladder). Whereas dense will be over structures that do not.

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21
Q

where does the sacral plexus sit?

A

on piriformis

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22
Q

describe the peritoneum with respect to the viscera

A

drapes over viscera and invests them with a serous coat. in b/w viscera (eg bladder and rectum) it forms a pouch.

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23
Q

main artery of pelvis?

A

internal iliac

24
Q

what is the ureter crossed by in males and females respectively

A

vas deferens and uterine artery

25
Q

muscle of bladder

A

detruser

26
Q

in males which ligament surround neck of baldder

A

pubo-prostatic

27
Q

what is the base of bladder called

A

trigone

28
Q

3 accessory glands of male pelvic viscera

A

prostate, seminal vesicle, bulbourethral gland

29
Q

function of bulbourethral gland

A

secretes mucus to act as lubricant. also buffer

30
Q

function of seminal vescile

A

alkaline fluid with nutrients

31
Q

describe anatomical position of seminal vesicals

A

pair sitting on posterior-inferior surface of bladder. merge with vas deferens to pierce prostate and form ejaculatory duct

32
Q

which lobe of the prostate is of clinical significance?

A

medial lobe is enlarged in BPH and can obstruct urethra. can palpate on exam

33
Q

normal position of uterus? potential consequences of opposite?

A

anteverted on vagina.

Retroverted can possibly cause back pain and dysmenorrhea

34
Q

parts of fallopian tube (prox to dist)

A

intramural, isthmus, ampulla, infundibulum (with fimbriae)

35
Q

what is the cervix

A

bottom part of uterus that feeds into vagina

36
Q

major supportive ligaments of uterus?

A

lateral cervical, utero-sacral and pubo-cervical

37
Q

describe relationship of peritoneum with uterus

A

double folded is broad ligament, also covers tubes

38
Q

where are the ovaries positioned?

A

on side wall of pelvis where common iliac bifurcates

39
Q

which wall of the vagina is longer?

A

posterior

40
Q

what are the vaginal fornices? where?

A

recess in deepest part of vagina. there is an anterior and posterior to cervix

41
Q

what is significant about the superior rectal and ovarian artery

A

not from internal iliac. they enter the pelvis from above. Ovarian off abdominal aorta and superior rectal off IMA

42
Q

describe the nerves of pelvic viscer

A

inferior hypogastric plexus supplies viscera. one on each side of pelvis .has both para(from S2-4) and symp (thoraco lumbar) fibres.

comes from superior hypogastric plexus.

43
Q

describe the boundaries of the diamond in the perinuem

A

pubic symph > ischial tuberosity (via ischiopubo ramus) > coccyx (via sacrotubular ligament) > ischial tuberosity. Line b/w tuberosities divides urogenital triangle above from anal below/.

44
Q

layers of perineum from skin

A

skin > superficial perineal pouch > perineum > deep perineal pouch

45
Q

3 key features that attach to perineal body

A

superficial and deep transverse perineal muscle. external anal sphincter

46
Q

what is the ischianal fossa?

A

the fat-filled space located lateral to the anal canal and inferior to the pelvic floor.

47
Q

what is inside the pudendal canal? where is it? eponymous name?

A

Alcock’s canal contains the internal pudendal artery and vein, the pudendal nerve and the dorsal nerve of penis (clitoris).
It is enclosed by fascia of obturator internus on lateral pelvic wall

48
Q

muscles of the sphincter?

A

subcutaneous, superficial and deep

49
Q

where are the anterior and posterior parts of the superficial anal sphincter fixed?

A

perineal body and coccyx

50
Q

the deep anal sphincter muscle blends with what?

A

pubo-rectalis

51
Q

to what do the external genitalia attach?

A

perineal membrane

52
Q

describe the anatomy of penis

A

corpus spongiousum converges with the 2 roots of corpus cavanosa to form the body (spongiosum in inferior). Glans at end

53
Q

describe the anatomy of clitoris

A

two roots of corpus cavanosa form body with glans at tip

54
Q

main nerve of the perineum?

A

pudejdal

55
Q

path of pudendal nerve

A

branch of sacral plexus. starts in pelvis>

exits via GSF with piriformis > winds back round ischial spine> goes back through LSF > enters perineum

56
Q

3 branches of pudendal

A

perineal, dorsal clitoris (penis) and inferior rectal

Anat (13 decks)

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