Neck

Question 1

what kind of curvature is there in the cervical spine

Answer 1

lordosis

Question 2

uncinate processes are present on which bodies?

Answer 2

c3-6

Question 3

what are the names of c1 & c2?

Answer 3

atlas and axis

Question 4

which joints permit neck rotation?

Answer 4

facet joints

Question 5

which joints in the neck are at 45 degrees

Answer 5

facet joints

Question 6

the platysma is supplied by which nerve

Answer 6

facial

Question 7

where and what is the platysma

Answer 7

thin sheet of muscle that blends with muscles of facial expression.
In superficial fascia

Question 8

the investing layer of fascia encloses which muscles?

Answer 8

SCM and trapezius

Question 9

SCM & trapezius are enclosed by which layer of fascia

Answer 9

investing

Question 10

where does the common carotid bifurcate

Answer 10

upper border of thyroid cartliage

Question 11

what is enclosed by the superifical fascia (3)?

Answer 11

platysma, external and anterior jugular veins

Question 12

what is atypical about c7?

Answer 12

longest spinous process

Question 13

what are the names of the lateral muscles of the neck

Answer 13

scalenus (ant, medius, post)

Question 14

where does scalenus anterior span

Answer 14

anterior tubercle of transverse to 1st rib

Question 15

how does the neurovasculature relate to scalenus anterior?

Answer 15

phrenic nerve sits on it

subclavian artery and brachial plexus run b/w it and scalenus medius

Question 16

name the main preverterbral muscle of the neck and what does it do?

Answer 16

longus coli.

Maintains lordosis

Question 17

axis has no body. true or false?

Answer 17

false (atlas has no body)

Question 18

how do the nerve exits change throughout the cervical spine?

Answer 18

c1-2 they run behind the facet joint

c3-7 they run b/w transverse process and facet joint

Question 19

which IV discs are relatively largest in the body

Answer 19

cervical

Question 20

in which direction do cervical IV discs prolapse

Answer 20

A/P

Question 21

prolapse is more common in cervical discs as opposed to lumbar. true or false

Answer 21

false

Question 22

describe the effects of ageing on the cervical IV discs

Answer 22

water content degenerates bringing bones closer together.

This reduces lordosis and may irritate nerves

Question 23

what is a hangman’s fracture?

Answer 23

fracture of axis (pedicles), typically when driver not wearing seatbelt

Question 24

what are the 2 ligaments associated with the dens

Answer 24

transverse and alar

Question 25

What is the role of the transverse ligament

Answer 25

prevents dens from slipping posteriorly into vertebral canal

Question 26

what is enclosed by the pretracheal fascia

Answer 26

the thyroid

Question 27

what is enclosed in the carotid sheath

Answer 27

common carotid, IJV, & vegas

Question 28

where does the vertebral artery enter the transverse foramen

Answer 28

C6

Question 29

what is special about the internal carotid

Answer 29

contains the carotid sinus and carotid body (baro and chemoreceptors

Question 30

how many branches of the external carotid are there

Answer 30

6 (3 front, 2 behind, 1 deep

Question 31

what are the 6 branches of the external carotid

Answer 31

``` 1st front = superior thyroid 2nd front = lingual 3rd front = facial behind = occipital artery behind = posterior auricular deep = ascending pharyngeal ```

Question 32

which veins are more medial anterior or external jugular?

Answer 32

anterior

Question 33

what are the 3 borders of the anterior triangle?

Answer 33

Apex - Jugular notch in the manubrium of the sternum Anterior boundary: Midline of the neck from chin to the jugular notch Posterior boundary: The anterior margin of SCM Base: The lower border of the mandible

Question 34

where is the ant triangle located in relation to the fascia

Answer 34

b/w investing and pretracheal

Question 35

which muscles are in the ant triangle and what innervates them

Answer 35

supra and infra hyoid | cervical nerves

Question 36

Nerves of the Anterior Triangle and their direction:

Answer 36

IX comes forward out of jugular foramen Vagus goes Down Accessory goes backwards Hyperglossal passes b/w artery and vein

Question 37

what is the pyramidal lobe of the thymus?

Answer 37

comes off itshmus in some people - remanent of development of thyroid through foramen caecum of tongue

Question 38

where is the isthmus?

Answer 38

b/w 2nd and 3rd tracheal rings

Question 39

border of thyroid?

Answer 39

inferior thyroid cartilage to 6th tracheal ring

Question 40

describe the arteries of thyroid

Answer 40

``` 2 pairs - paired superior (branch of external carotid) paired inferior (subclavian) anastamose vertically and in midline ```

Question 41

veins of thyroid?

Answer 41

3 pairs (superior, middle, inferior)

Question 42

what is the name of the artery that occasionally runs vertically up the isthmus

Answer 42

thyroid ima artery

Question 43

where is the cervical plexus?

Answer 43

under the cover of SCM

Question 44

where is the phrenic in relation to the neck

Answer 44

posterior triangle, on scalenus anterior

Question 45

borders of posterior traingle

Answer 45

Apex: Union of the sternocleidomastoid and the trapezius muscles at the occipital bone Anterior: Posterior border of the SCM Posterior: Anterior border of the trapezius Base: Middle one third of the clavicle

Question 46

which cranial nerve is in the posterior triangle

Answer 46

accessory

Question 47

which muscles in the post triangle?

Answer 47

pre and post-vertebral, deep muscles of neck