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Anat > Neck > Flashcards

Neck Flashcards

1
Q

what kind of curvature is there in the cervical spine

A

lordosis

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2
Q

uncinate processes are present on which bodies?

A

c3-6

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3
Q

what are the names of c1 & c2?

A

atlas and axis

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4
Q

which joints permit neck rotation?

A

facet joints

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5
Q

which joints in the neck are at 45 degrees

A

facet joints

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6
Q

the platysma is supplied by which nerve

A

facial

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7
Q

where and what is the platysma

A

thin sheet of muscle that blends with muscles of facial expression.
In superficial fascia

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8
Q

the investing layer of fascia encloses which muscles?

A

SCM and trapezius

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9
Q

SCM & trapezius are enclosed by which layer of fascia

A

investing

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10
Q

where does the common carotid bifurcate

A

upper border of thyroid cartliage

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11
Q

what is enclosed by the superifical fascia (3)?

A

platysma, external and anterior jugular veins

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12
Q

what is atypical about c7?

A

longest spinous process

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13
Q

what are the names of the lateral muscles of the neck

A

scalenus (ant, medius, post)

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14
Q

where does scalenus anterior span

A

anterior tubercle of transverse to 1st rib

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15
Q

how does the neurovasculature relate to scalenus anterior?

A

phrenic nerve sits on it

subclavian artery and brachial plexus run b/w it and scalenus medius

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16
Q

name the main preverterbral muscle of the neck and what does it do?

A

longus coli.

Maintains lordosis

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17
Q

axis has no body. true or false?

A

false (atlas has no body)

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18
Q

how do the nerve exits change throughout the cervical spine?

A

c1-2 they run behind the facet joint

c3-7 they run b/w transverse process and facet joint

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19
Q

which IV discs are relatively largest in the body

A

cervical

20
Q

in which direction do cervical IV discs prolapse

A

A/P

21
Q

prolapse is more common in cervical discs as opposed to lumbar. true or false

A

false

22
Q

describe the effects of ageing on the cervical IV discs

A

water content degenerates bringing bones closer together.

This reduces lordosis and may irritate nerves

23
Q

what is a hangman’s fracture?

A

fracture of axis (pedicles), typically when driver not wearing seatbelt

24
Q

what are the 2 ligaments associated with the dens

A

transverse and alar

25
Q

What is the role of the transverse ligament

A

prevents dens from slipping posteriorly into vertebral canal

26
Q

what is enclosed by the pretracheal fascia

A

the thyroid

27
Q

what is enclosed in the carotid sheath

A

common carotid, IJV, & vegas

28
Q

where does the vertebral artery enter the transverse foramen

A

C6

29
Q

what is special about the internal carotid

A

contains the carotid sinus and carotid body (baro and chemoreceptors

30
Q

how many branches of the external carotid are there

A

6 (3 front, 2 behind, 1 deep

31
Q

what are the 6 branches of the external carotid

A 
1st front = superior thyroid
2nd front = lingual
3rd front = facial
behind = occipital artery
behind = posterior auricular
deep = ascending pharyngeal
32
Q

which veins are more medial anterior or external jugular?

A

anterior

33
Q

what are the 3 borders of the anterior triangle?

A

Apex - Jugular notch in the manubrium of the sternum
Anterior boundary: Midline of the neck from chin to the jugular notch
Posterior boundary: The anterior margin of SCM
Base: The lower border of the mandible

34
Q

where is the ant triangle located in relation to the fascia

A

b/w investing and pretracheal

35
Q

which muscles are in the ant triangle and what innervates them

A

supra and infra hyoid

cervical nerves

36
Q

Nerves of the Anterior Triangle and their direction:

A

IX comes forward out of jugular foramen
Vagus goes Down
Accessory goes backwards
Hyperglossal passes b/w artery and vein

37
Q

what is the pyramidal lobe of the thymus?

A

comes off itshmus in some people - remanent of development of thyroid through foramen caecum of tongue

38
Q

where is the isthmus?

A

b/w 2nd and 3rd tracheal rings

39
Q

border of thyroid?

A

inferior thyroid cartilage to 6th tracheal ring

40
Q

describe the arteries of thyroid

A 
2 pairs - paired superior (branch of external carotid)
paired inferior (subclavian)
anastamose vertically and in midline
41
Q

veins of thyroid?

A

3 pairs (superior, middle, inferior)

42
Q

what is the name of the artery that occasionally runs vertically up the isthmus

A

thyroid ima artery

43
Q

where is the cervical plexus?

A

under the cover of SCM

44
Q

where is the phrenic in relation to the neck

A

posterior triangle, on scalenus anterior

45
Q

borders of posterior traingle

A

Apex: Union of the sternocleidomastoid and the trapezius muscles at the occipital bone

Anterior: Posterior border of the SCM

Posterior: Anterior border of the trapezius

Base: Middle one third of the clavicle

46
Q

which cranial nerve is in the posterior triangle

A

accessory

47
Q

which muscles in the post triangle?

A

pre and post-vertebral, deep muscles of neck

Anat (13 decks)

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