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REPRO > pelvis > Flashcards

pelvis Flashcards

week 1 (part 1)

1
Q

What are the two bones of the pelvis that are components of the vertebral column?

A

Coccyx and sacrum

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1
Q

What are the three bones of the pelvis?

A

right and left pelvic bones (innominate bones) Coccyx and sacrum

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2
Q

What is the lowest vertebrae of the lumbar region?

A

vertebrae LV

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3
Q

What vertebrae does the Sacrum articulate superiorly with AND at what joint?

A

LV

lumbosacral joint

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4
Q

The Ala binds to the greater pelvis ….

A

laterally

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5
Q

what is the promontory of the pelvis?

A

anterior margin of first sacral vertebrae

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6
Q

The four anterior sacral formina are an exit for …. and entrance for…

A

exit= anterior divisions of sacral nerves

entrance = lateral sacral arteries

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7
Q

What does the pelvis bone ABOVE the linea terminalis represent?

A

represents the lateral wall of the false pelvis, which is part of the abdominal cavity

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8
Q

What does the pelvic bone BELOW the linea terminalis represent?

A

represents the lateral wall of the true pelvis, which contains the pelvic cavity.

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9
Q

What three elements form each pelvic bone?

A

llium, pubis and ischium.

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10
Q

Describe how the three components of the pelvic bone are connected throughout time.

A

At birth, these bones are connected by cartilage in the area of the acetabulum; later, at between 16 and 18 years of age, they fuse into a single bone.

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11
Q

What does the walls of the pelvic cavity consist of?

A

sacrum,
the coccyx,
the pelvic bones inferior to the linea terminalis,
two ligaments (sacrospinous and sacrotuberous)
two muscles (Obturator internus and piriformis)

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12
Q

What are the two ligaments of the Walls of the pelvic cavity?

A

sacrospinous and sacrotuberous

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13
Q

What are the two muscles of the Walls of the pelvic cavity?

A

(Obturator internus and piriformis)

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14
Q

Describe the Sacrospinious ligament

A

smaller of the two ligaments of the pelvic walls

triangular
apex attached to ischial spine and base attached to sacrum and coccyc.

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15
Q

Describe the Sacrotuberous ligament

A

also triangular and is superficial to the sacrospinous ligament.

Its base is broad and attaches from the posterior superior iliac spine of the pelvic bone, along the lateral margin of the sacrum, and onto the coccyx. Laterally, the apex of the ligament is attached to the ischial tuberosity.

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16
Q

Where do the two pelvic wall muscles originate from?

A

Originate from pelvic cavity but attach to femur

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17
Q

What is the shape of the Obturator internus and where does it originate from?

A

flat, fan-shaped muscle originating from the deep surface of the obturator membrane and the pelvic bone.

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18
Q

Function of Obtutator internus

A

The muscle fibers of the obturator internus form a tendon that leaves the pelvic cavity through the lesser sciatic foramen, and then passes to the greater trochanter of the femur.

forms a large part of the anterolateral wall of the pelvic cavity

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19
Q

What is the shape of the Piriformis and where does it originate from?

A

triangular and originates from the sacrum.

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20
Q

What are the three major apertures of the pelvic wall?

A

the obturator canal;
the greater sciatic foramen; and
the lesser sciatic foramen.

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21
Q

Obturator canal

A

at top of obturator foramen.

communication between pelvic cavity and adductor region

22
Q

Greater sciatic foramen function

A

Major route of communication between the pelvic cavity and the lower limb.

23
Q

Lesser sciatic foramen function.

A

acts as a route of communication between the perineum and the gluteal region.

24
Q

What forms the pelvic floor?

A

Formed by the pelvic diaphragm, perineal membrane and muscles of the deep perineal pouch.

25
Q

functions of the pelvic floor

A

Separates pelvic cavity (above) from the perineum (below)

Supports bladder, bowel and uterus.

26
Q

What is the muscular part of the pelvic floor called?

A

Pelvic diaphragm

27
Q

Structure of the pelvic diaphragm

A

Formed by the levator ani and coccygeus muscles

Attached superiorly to pelvic wall

28
Q

Where does the levator ani join in females?

A

: join posterior to vagina and around anal aperture (both sexes).

29
Q

…… to the anal aperture, levator ani muscles come together as the ….. …. an attach to the ….

A

posterior

anococcygeal ligament

coccyx

30
Q

….., the levator ani is separated by a U-shaped defect called a….

A

Anteriorly…. urogenital hiatus

31
Q

What does the urogenital hiatus allow for in men and women?

A

allows the urethra (in both men and women), and the vagina (in women), to pass through the pelvic diaphragm.

32
Q

What are the three collections of muscles fibres within the levator ani?

A

the pubococcygeus, the puborectalis, and the iliococcygeus muscles.

33
Q

what is the function of levator ani?

A

help support the pelvic viscera and maintain closure of the rectum and vagina.

34
Q

Coccygeus

A

two triangular muscles (one on each side) that overlie the sacrospinous ligaments.

Together they complete the posterior part of the pelvic diaphragm. They are attached to ischial spines and to the lateral margins of the coccyx and the sacrum.

35
Q

In the pelvic cavity, the Bladder is positined…. to the midline

A

anteriorly

36
Q

in the pelvic cavity, the rectum is located…. to the midline

A

posteriorly

37
Q

Function of the pelvic cavity

A

Contains and supports bladder, anal cabal, rectum and reproductive tracts

The pelvic cavity contains most of the reproductive tract in women and part of the reproductive tract in men.

38
Q

What is the perineum?

A

space enclosed by the boundaries if the pelvic outlet and below the pelvic floor.

39
Q

Describe the structures of the pelvis that make up the perinieum.

A

Peripheral boundry = pelvic outlet

Ceiling = pelvic diaphragm

Narrow lateral walls = walls of the pelvic cavity below attachment of levator ani.

40
Q

What does the Anal triangle contain?

A

Anus and external anus sphincter (major muscle of area)

41
Q

Where is the anal triangle located in refernce to the perinuem?

A

posterior

42
Q

what is the ceiling of the anal triangle?

A

pelvic diphragm.

43
Q

compare male and female pelvis in terms of Structure, lesser pelvis, pelvic inlet, pelvic outlet and subpubic angle

A

Male:
S-thick and heavy
LP- narrow and deep
PL-heart shaped
PO- small
A-greater then 70

female
S-thin and light
LP-wide and shallow
PL-oval-shaped
PO- large
A-less than 80

44
Q

what are the two erictle tissues common to males and females and who to they form?

A

Corpus cavernosa and corpus spongiosum (forms bulbs of penis in males, bulbs of vestibule in females)

45
Q

what are the superficial skeletal muscles found in the superficial perineal pouch in both males and females? what are they associated with?

A

(ischiocavernosous – associated with corpus cavernosa) and bulbospongious (associated with bulb of vestibule/penis)

46
Q

What is the Epididymis

A

Long coiled duct along posterolateral side of testis

47
Q

Tunica vaginalis

A

Serous membrane that allows movement to be lubricated

48
Q

Cremaster muscle

A

Elevates and depresses testes to regulate scrotal temp

49
Q

ductus deferens

A

muscular duct that transports spermatozoa from epididymis to ejaculatory duct

50
Q

4 parts of male urethra

A
  1. preprostatic
  2. prostatic
  3. membranous
  4. spongy
51
Q

pathway of urethtra

A
  1. begins (preprostatic)
  2. descends through the prostate gland (prostatic)
  3. descends through the deep perineal pouch and perineal membrane to enter the root of the penis, bends to course anteriorly in the root of the penis
    (membranous)
  4. continues in the body of the penis to open at the external urethral orifice (spongy)
52
Q

male vs female accessory glands

A

Female: oviduct, uterus and vagina

Male: prostate, pair of seminal vesicles and pair of bulbourethral glands

REPRO (14 decks)

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