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REPRO > Male reproductive processes > Flashcards

Male reproductive processes Flashcards

week 3

1
Q

structure of speratoza

A

Compact, streamlined, highly motile

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2
Q

Structure of Oocytes

A

Nutrient-rich, large, facilitates embryo development

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3
Q

Where is the site of spermatogenesis

A

lobules with 1-4 seminiferous tubules

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4
Q

what is the pathway of sperm in the testis?

A

Seminiferous tubules –> through rete testis –> into efferent ducts of epididymis –> spem undergoes maturation

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5
Q

How does sperm mature in the epididymis?

A

acquire motility and fertilisation ability
stored until ejacultion

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6
Q

What are the cells found within the Seminiferous tubules?

A

Leydig cells
Sertoli cells
spermatogonia, spermatocyte and spermatid
myoid cells

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7
Q

leydig (interstitial) cells

A

produces testosterone

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8
Q

Sertoli cells

A

support spermatogenesis

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9
Q

Spermatogonia, spermatocyte and spermatid

A

forms the sperm

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10
Q

myoid cells

A

contract to move sperm through tubules

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11
Q

What is the venous plexus that regulates temperature of the testes?

A

Pampiniform plexus

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12
Q

Where is the Paminiform plexus located?

A

wrapped around the testicular artery in the spermatic cord.

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13
Q

How does the pampiniform plexus regulate heat exchange in the testes?

A

Cools incoming arterial blood before entering via heat exchange with outgoing venous blood.

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14
Q

3 regions of the epididymis

A

Caput (head)

Corpus (body)

Cauda (tail)

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15
Q

Where is the sperm ejaculated from?

A

cadua epididymis

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16
Q

Epididymis function

A

cauda: stroage and sperm ejaculation
sperm maturation

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17
Q

how long can spermatogenesis take?

A

64-72 days

18
Q

Steps of spermatogenesis

A

Spermatogonia undergo mitosis ( Type A replenishes and B daughter cells)

Growth –> prophase I –> enters adluminal compartment = primary spermatocyte

Meiosis I –> secondary spermatocyte

Meiosis II –> early spermatid

Cytodifferentiation –> late spermatid

Maturation –> spermatoza

19
Q

What is the purpose of mitosis and meiosis in spermatogenesis?

A

Mitosis = replenish spermatogonia stem cell

Meiosis = produce 4 recombinant haploid

20
Q

What are the three steps of cytodifferentiation?

A

Cap phase
acrosomal phase
maturation phase

21
Q

cap phase

A

golgi forms acrosomal vesicle, tightly packed DNA

22
Q

Acrosomal phase

A

acrosomal vesicle spread ofver nucleus, nucleus and cytoplasm elongate, distal centriole forms flagellum

23
Q

Maturation phase

A

mitochondria form midpiece, cytoplasm sheds. Tail matures

24
Q

Spermiation?

A

release of differentiated spermatid into the lumen

25
Q

Why are such a large # of sperm produced?

A
  • chance of fertilisation (significant # are lost during transport in the FRT)
  • some sperm degenerate during prolonged storage in the epididymis
  • 1/3 developing sperm degenerate by apoptosis
26
Q

what are the hormones involved in spermatogenesis?

A

GnRH

LH

FSH

Androgen Binding Protein (ABP+)

Testosterone (T)

Inhibin

27
Q

Role of LH in spermatogenesis.

A

stimulates the secretion of Testosterone

28
Q

Role of FSH in spermatogenesis

A

supports Sertoli cell function

29
Q

Role of ABP

A

sequesters Testosterone to site of spermatogenesis

30
Q

role of FSH in spermatogenesis

A

supports Sertoli cell function

31
Q

role of testosterone

A

nitiation of spermatogenesis and stimulates pri and sec sex characteristics

32
Q

role of inhibin in spermatogenesis

A

regulates spermatogenesis via inhibitingFSH

33
Q

What does the seminal vesicle secrete?

A

Secretes fluid containing:
fructose, ascorbic acid, coagulating enzymes and prostaglandins (enhances motility and feralization)

34
Q

What does the prostate gland secrete?

A

Milk acidic fluid:

Citrate, enzymes, prostate-specific antigen

35
Q

What does the Bulbourethral gland secrete?

A

Thick clear alkaline mucous

Neutarlises traces of acidic urine prior to ejaculation

36
Q

What is semen?

A

= mixture of sperm, testicular fluid and accessory gland secretions

37
Q

What are the functions of semen?

A

Transport medium

Provides nutrients and chemicals that protect and activate sperm

38
Q

prostaglandins

A

stimulate contraction in female tract (facilitates sperm uptake)

39
Q

relaxin

A

enhances sperm motility

40
Q

Clotting factors

A
  • promote semen coagulation
41
Q

Describe the different spermatogonia in a cell. (1.5 marks)

A

They become more mature as move closer to the lumen (middle of the cell). The type A daughter cells remain on the outside of the cell so they continue to grow.

Spermatogonium= A and B = pri spermatocyte = secondary spermatocyte = early spermatids = late spermatids = spermatozoa

REPRO (14 decks)

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