Male reproductive processes

Question 1

structure of speratoza

Answer 1

Compact, streamlined, highly motile

Question 2

Structure of Oocytes

Answer 2

Nutrient-rich, large, facilitates embryo development

Question 3

Where is the site of spermatogenesis

Answer 3

lobules with 1-4 seminiferous tubules

Question 4

what is the pathway of sperm in the testis?

Answer 4

Seminiferous tubules –> through rete testis –> into efferent ducts of epididymis –> spem undergoes maturation

Question 5

How does sperm mature in the epididymis?

Answer 5

acquire motility and fertilisation ability
stored until ejacultion

Question 6

What are the cells found within the Seminiferous tubules?

Answer 6

Leydig cells
Sertoli cells
spermatogonia, spermatocyte and spermatid
myoid cells

Question 7

leydig (interstitial) cells

Answer 7

produces testosterone

Question 8

Sertoli cells

Answer 8

support spermatogenesis

Question 9

Spermatogonia, spermatocyte and spermatid

Answer 9

forms the sperm

Question 10

myoid cells

Answer 10

contract to move sperm through tubules

Question 11

What is the venous plexus that regulates temperature of the testes?

Answer 11

Pampiniform plexus

Question 12

Where is the Paminiform plexus located?

Answer 12

wrapped around the testicular artery in the spermatic cord.

Question 13

How does the pampiniform plexus regulate heat exchange in the testes?

Answer 13

Cools incoming arterial blood before entering via heat exchange with outgoing venous blood.

Question 14

3 regions of the epididymis

Answer 14

Caput (head)

Corpus (body)

Cauda (tail)

Question 15

Where is the sperm ejaculated from?

Answer 15

cadua epididymis

Question 16

Epididymis function

Answer 16

cauda: stroage and sperm ejaculation
sperm maturation

Question 17

how long can spermatogenesis take?

Answer 17

64-72 days

Question 18

Steps of spermatogenesis

Answer 18

Spermatogonia undergo mitosis ( Type A replenishes and B daughter cells)

Growth –> prophase I –> enters adluminal compartment = primary spermatocyte

Meiosis I –> secondary spermatocyte

Meiosis II –> early spermatid

Cytodifferentiation –> late spermatid

Maturation –> spermatoza

Question 19

What is the purpose of mitosis and meiosis in spermatogenesis?

Answer 19

Mitosis = replenish spermatogonia stem cell

Meiosis = produce 4 recombinant haploid

Question 20

What are the three steps of cytodifferentiation?

Answer 20

Cap phase
acrosomal phase
maturation phase

Question 21

cap phase

Answer 21

golgi forms acrosomal vesicle, tightly packed DNA

Question 22

Acrosomal phase

Answer 22

acrosomal vesicle spread ofver nucleus, nucleus and cytoplasm elongate, distal centriole forms flagellum

Question 23

Maturation phase

Answer 23

mitochondria form midpiece, cytoplasm sheds. Tail matures

Question 24

Spermiation?

Answer 24

release of differentiated spermatid into the lumen

Question 25

Why are such a large # of sperm produced?

Answer 25

- chance of fertilisation (significant # are lost during transport in the FRT) - some sperm degenerate during prolonged storage in the epididymis - 1/3 developing sperm degenerate by apoptosis

Question 26

what are the hormones involved in spermatogenesis?

Answer 26

GnRH LH FSH Androgen Binding Protein (ABP+) Testosterone (T) Inhibin

Question 27

Role of LH in spermatogenesis.

Answer 27

stimulates the secretion of Testosterone 

Question 28

Role of FSH in spermatogenesis

Answer 28

supports Sertoli cell function

Question 29

Role of ABP

Answer 29

sequesters Testosterone to site of spermatogenesis

Question 30

role of FSH in spermatogenesis

Answer 30

supports Sertoli cell function

Question 31

role of testosterone

Answer 31

nitiation of spermatogenesis and stimulates pri and sec sex characteristics

Question 32

role of inhibin in spermatogenesis

Answer 32

regulates spermatogenesis via inhibiting FSH

Question 33

What does the seminal vesicle secrete?

Answer 33

Secretes fluid containing: fructose, ascorbic acid, coagulating enzymes and prostaglandins (enhances motility and feralization)

Question 34

What does the prostate gland secrete?

Answer 34

Milk acidic fluid: Citrate, enzymes, prostate-specific antigen

Question 35

What does the Bulbourethral gland secrete?

Answer 35

Thick clear alkaline mucous Neutarlises traces of acidic urine prior to ejaculation

Question 36

What is semen?

Answer 36

= mixture of sperm, testicular fluid and accessory gland secretions

Question 37

What are the functions of semen?

Answer 37

Transport medium Provides nutrients and chemicals that protect and activate sperm

Question 38

prostaglandins

Answer 38

stimulate contraction in female tract (facilitates sperm uptake)

Question 39

relaxin

Answer 39

enhances sperm motility

Question 40

Clotting factors

Answer 40

- promote semen coagulation

Question 41

Describe the different spermatogonia in a cell. (1.5 marks)

Answer 41

They become more mature as move closer to the lumen (middle of the cell). The type A daughter cells remain on the outside of the cell so they continue to grow. Spermatogonium= A and B = pri spermatocyte = secondary spermatocyte = early spermatids = late spermatids = spermatozoa