Female Repro Flashcards
week 2
what are the four main components of the Ovary Structure?
Germinal epithelia – outer most layer
Tunica Albuginea – white fibrous capsule of dense irregular connective tissue
Cortex- outer region, contains ovarian follicles
Medulla – loose CT with major blood vessels
What are the functions of the ovary?
Oogenesis
Secondary ooctye released
Hormone secretion (progesterone, Oestrogen, inhibin and relaxin)
what are the functions of the Uterus?
pathway for sperm
site of implantation
Development of fetus
Expel baby in labor
Menstrual flow in no implantation
Describe an Anteverted position of the uterus.
body of uterus projects anteriorly and superiorly over bladder
What are the pelvic floor muscles?
Puborectallis (most inner)
Pubococcygeus (middle)
lilococcygeus (outer)
coccygeus
Where does the Perineal membrane attach to?
bony framework of pubic arch
what does the perineal membrane separate?
Superficial and deep perineal pouch.
Where and what is the Deep Perineal Pouch?
a space above the perineal membrane.
Where is the Superficial pouch?
below the perineal membrane.
What is the function of the superficial pouch?
contains erectile tissues and associated muscles
What is the function of the Perineal membrane?
Contributes to pelvic floor and helps support pelivc structures.
What does the Pelivic diaphragm separate?
separates pelvic cavity and perineum
what are the two components of the perineum?
Urogenital triangle
Anal triangle
What are the organs of the female reproductive system?
Ovaries
Ducts
Accessory glands
uterus
vagina
vulva
What are the female reproductive ducts and what are their functions?
uterine tube (fallopian tube), uterus and vagina
Transport oocyte to uterus and normally site of fertilization.
what are the female reproductive accessory glands and what is their function?
paraurethral glands, greater vestibular glands
secrete mucous for lubrication
Germinal epithelia is the… layer and has…. epithelium.
outer
simple cuboidal
the cortex is the … region and contains
outer
ovarian follicles of varying stages of development
The medulla is …. and contains ……
central
major blood vessels
Where do the Testes and ovaries both develop and what do they then both do?
high on the posterior abdominal wall
descend before birth brining associated vessels, lymphatics and nerves.
Where are the Ovaries and uterus located?
inside the pelvic cavity (in the true pelvis)
Where are the testis located?
externally to the pelvis. in the superficial perineal pouch of the perineum.
What are the three parts of the uterine tube?
Infundibulum
ampulla
isthmus
What is the structure and function of the infundibulum and respective fimbrae?
Sits over ovary and opens to pelvic cavity
Most proximal to ovary
Contains fimbrae finger like projections that surround surface of mature follicle before ovulation and creates a current to sweep oocyte into uterine tube
What is the Ampulla
Widest and longest portion of uterine tube
Where does fertilisation most commonly occur?
Ampulla
What is the structure and function of the isthmus (uterine tube)?
Attaches to uterus (joins the uterus)
Medial, short and narrow.
What is the location of the uterine tubes?
Within the broad ligaments of uterus
Two uterine tube extending laterally from uterus.
What are the three structures of the uterine tube (not parts)?
Mucosa
muscularis
serosa
what is the structure and function of the mucosa of the uterine tube.
Ciliated columnar epithelia
Cillia beats in one direction to move mucous = ovum towards uterus
Secretes a fluid that nourishes ovum.
What is the structure and function of muscularis of the uterine tube?
Inner circular smooth
Outer longitudinal smooth
Creates peristatic contractions = ovum towards uterus
The uterus is normally ….. and is located between the … and the ..
Anteverted
between the urinary bladder and the rectum.
What are the four parts of the uterus?
fundus
body
cervix
isthmus
The fundus is dome shaped and is … to the uterine tubes
superior
What is the body of the uterus?
tapering central portion
Cervix
inferior narrow portion opens into vagina
The cervical canal opens into the ….
uterine cavity
uterine cavity
Uterine cavity – interior part of uterus body
What is the broad ligament?
Double folds of peritoneum attaching the uterus to either side of pevlic cavity.
Cervical canal
Cervical canal – interior of cervix
what are the three components of the broad ligament and their functions?
Mesovarium (covers ovary)
Mesosalphinx (suspends uterine tube)
Mesomerium (covers body of uterus)
What are the four ligaments of the female reproductive system?
Broad
Suspensory ligament of ovary
ligament of ovary
round ligament
Suspensory ligament
Attaches ovaries to pelvic wall and carries ovarium vessels, nerves and lymphatics
ligament of ovary
Attaches from inferior pole of ovary to uterus
Remnant of gubernaculum
What is the only structure to pass through the ingunial canal in females?
Round ligament
The Round Ligaments is a fibrious CT that is found in between the … and runs between the …. and the
broad ligament
uterus
labia majora
what are the three layers of the uterine wall?
Permetrium
myometrium
endometrium
What are the two componets of the endometrium?
Stratum functionalis
- lines uterine cavity
Stratum basalis
-permanents
What component of the endometrium sloughs off in mensturation?
Stratum functionalis
Describe the muscle type of the Myometrium and it’s function in childbirth.
Smooth muscle- middle circular, inner and outer longitudinal/oblique
creates coordinated contractions of the myometrium in response to oxytocin to help expel foetus
The Perimetrium:
laterally becomes…
Anterirorly covers the…
posteriorly covers the.. forming…
broad ligament
bladder, vesicouterine pouch
rectum, rectouerine pouch
Structure of the Cervix
Inferior part of uterus and in a anteverted position to vaginal canal
Vaginal fornix- recess around cervix where it joins to vaginal wall
Stratified squamous (protective) and columnar
The vagina travels …. and … to the pelivc cavity
superior and posteriorly
The vagina is inbetween the … and the …
urinary bladder and rectum
What are the three pairs of superficial pouch muscles?
Ischiocavernosus
Bulbospongiosus
Superficial transverse perineal muscles
Mons pubis
fat pad
covered by skin and pubic hair
cushions pubic symphysis
labia majora
two longitudinal folds that extend inferiorly and posteriorly
labia minora
to smllaer folds deep to the labia majora
clitoris
small cyliditcal mass
contains two small erectile bodies
What are the roots for Genitofemoral nerve?
L1 and L2
What are the sensory functions of the Genitofemoral nerve for males and females?
Innervates skin of anterior scrotum or over mons pubis and labia majora
what is the root of the sciatic nerve?
L4-S3
What are the roots for Pudendal nerve?
S2-S4
What are the sensory and motor functions of pudendal nerve
Pelvic muscles, external sphincter and external anal sphincter
sensation to external genitalia (both sexes) and skin around anus, anal canal and perineum.
6 major lumbar plexues
liohypogastric, ilioinguinal, genitofemoral, lateral femoral cutaneous, femoral nerve, obturator, and nerve to the lumbosacral trunk
what is the root for the iliohypogastric nerve?
L1
What is the root for the Ilioingunial nerve?
L1
What is the root for the lateral cutaneous nerve?
L2 and L3
What is the root of the orbutatrtor nerve?
L2-L4
What is the lumbar plexus?
liohypogastric, ilioinguinal, genitofemoral, lateral femoral cutaneous, femoral nerve, obturator, and nerve to the lumbosacral trunk
what are the three nerve branches of the Sacral plexus?
Sciatic
Gluteal
pudendal
Roots of superior gluteal nerves
L4-S1
roots of inferior gluteal nerves
L5-S2
what are the roots for the Pudendal nerve?
Ventral divisions of S2-S4
Where doe the nerves of the coccygeal plexus come from?
Some from S4
Mainly from anterior rami of S5 and coccygeal nerve
Nerve branch of coccygeal plexus and where does it innervate?
Annococcygeal nerve
skin of anal triangle of perineum
what forms the lumbosacral plexus
lumbosacral trunk
what are the roots of the lumbosacral plexus?
L4-S4
What are the two visceral plexuses?
Paracertebral chain and prevertebral plecuxus
bifurcate
divide into two branches
What are the branches of the anterior trunk of internal iliac? WHat do each do?
Supply Urinary organs:
Umbilical artery
superior vesical artery
inferior vesical artery
Supply pelvis organs
uterine artery
middle rectal artery
vaginal artery
Supply walls of the pelvis
obturator artery
internal pudendal artery
inferior gluteal artery
What are the branches of the posterior trunk?
Iliolumbar Artery, Lateral sacral arteries
superior gluteal artery
(PILLS G)
what ligament runs in the inguinal canal of females
round ligaments of the uterus
what are the 2 layers of peritoneum, what do they do
- parietal peritoneum covers the pelvic cavity
- visceral peritoneum drapes over the pelvic viscera (forming reflections)
female external genatalia
vulva, labia minora, labia majora, vestibule and mons pubis.
