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REPRO > Female Repro > Flashcards

Female Repro Flashcards

week 2

1
Q

what are the four main components of the Ovary Structure?

A

Germinal epithelia – outer most layer

Tunica Albuginea – white fibrous capsule of dense irregular connective tissue

Cortex- outer region, contains ovarian follicles

Medulla – loose CT with major blood vessels

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2
Q

What are the functions of the ovary?

A

Oogenesis

Secondary ooctye released

Hormone secretion (progesterone, Oestrogen, inhibin and relaxin)

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3
Q

what are the functions of the Uterus?

A

pathway for sperm
site of implantation

Development of fetus

Expel baby in labor

Menstrual flow in no implantation

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4
Q

Describe an Anteverted position of the uterus.

A

body of uterus projects anteriorly and superiorly over bladder

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5
Q

What are the pelvic floor muscles?

A

Puborectallis (most inner)
Pubococcygeus (middle)
lilococcygeus (outer)
coccygeus

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6
Q

Where does the Perineal membrane attach to?

A

bony framework of pubic arch

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7
Q

what does the perineal membrane separate?

A

Superficial and deep perineal pouch.

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8
Q

Where and what is the Deep Perineal Pouch?

A

a space above the perineal membrane.

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9
Q

Where is the Superficial pouch?

A

below the perineal membrane.

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10
Q

What is the function of the superficial pouch?

A

contains erectile tissues and associated muscles

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11
Q

What is the function of the Perineal membrane?

A

Contributes to pelvic floor and helps support pelivc structures.

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12
Q

What does the Pelivic diaphragm separate?

A

separates pelvic cavity and perineum

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13
Q

what are the two components of the perineum?

A

Urogenital triangle
Anal triangle

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14
Q

What are the organs of the female reproductive system?

A

Ovaries
Ducts
Accessory glands
uterus
vagina
vulva

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15
Q

What are the female reproductive ducts and what are their functions?

A

uterine tube (fallopian tube), uterus and vagina

Transport oocyte to uterus and normally site of fertilization.

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16
Q

what are the female reproductive accessory glands and what is their function?

A

paraurethral glands, greater vestibular glands

secrete mucous for lubrication

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17
Q

Germinal epithelia is the… layer and has…. epithelium.

A

outer
simple cuboidal

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18
Q

the cortex is the … region and contains

A

outer
ovarian follicles of varying stages of development

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19
Q

The medulla is …. and contains ……

A

central
major blood vessels

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20
Q

Where do the Testes and ovaries both develop and what do they then both do?

A

high on the posterior abdominal wall

descend before birth brining associated vessels, lymphatics and nerves.

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21
Q

Where are the Ovaries and uterus located?

A

inside the pelvic cavity (in the true pelvis)

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22
Q

Where are the testis located?

A

externally to the pelvis. in the superficial perineal pouch of the perineum.

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23
Q

What are the three parts of the uterine tube?

A

Infundibulum
ampulla
isthmus

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24
Q

What is the structure and function of the infundibulum and respective fimbrae?

A

Sits over ovary and opens to pelvic cavity

Most proximal to ovary

Contains fimbrae finger like projections that surround surface of mature follicle before ovulation and creates a current to sweep oocyte into uterine tube

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25
Q

What is the Ampulla

A

Widest and longest portion of uterine tube

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26
Q

Where does fertilisation most commonly occur?

A

Ampulla

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27
Q

What is the structure and function of the isthmus (uterine tube)?

A

Attaches to uterus (joins the uterus)

Medial, short and narrow.

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28
Q

What is the location of the uterine tubes?

A

Within the broad ligaments of uterus

Two uterine tube extending laterally from uterus.

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29
Q

What are the three structures of the uterine tube (not parts)?

A

Mucosa

muscularis

serosa

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30
Q

what is the structure and function of the mucosa of the uterine tube.

A

Ciliated columnar epithelia

Cillia beats in one direction to move mucous = ovum towards uterus

Secretes a fluid that nourishes ovum.

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31
Q

What is the structure and function of muscularis of the uterine tube?

A

Inner circular smooth

Outer longitudinal smooth

Creates peristatic contractions = ovum towards uterus

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32
Q

The uterus is normally ….. and is located between the … and the ..

A

Anteverted

between the urinary bladder and the rectum.

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33
Q

What are the four parts of the uterus?

A

fundus
body
cervix
isthmus

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34
Q

The fundus is dome shaped and is … to the uterine tubes

A

superior

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35
Q

What is the body of the uterus?

A

tapering central portion

36
Q

Cervix

A

inferior narrow portion opens into vagina

37
Q

The cervical canal opens into the ….

A

uterine cavity

38
Q

uterine cavity

A

Uterine cavity – interior part of uterus body

39
Q

What is the broad ligament?

A

Double folds of peritoneum attaching the uterus to either side of pevlic cavity.

40
Q

Cervical canal

A

Cervical canal – interior of cervix

41
Q

what are the three components of the broad ligament and their functions?

A

Mesovarium (covers ovary)
Mesosalphinx (suspends uterine tube)
Mesomerium (covers body of uterus)

42
Q

What are the four ligaments of the female reproductive system?

A

Broad
Suspensory ligament of ovary
ligament of ovary
round ligament

43
Q

Suspensory ligament

A

Attaches ovaries to pelvic wall and carries ovarium vessels, nerves and lymphatics

44
Q

ligament of ovary

A

Attaches from inferior pole of ovary to uterus

Remnant of gubernaculum

45
Q

What is the only structure to pass through the ingunial canal in females?

A

Round ligament

46
Q

The Round Ligaments is a fibrious CT that is found in between the … and runs between the …. and the

A

broad ligament

uterus

labia majora

47
Q

what are the three layers of the uterine wall?

A

Permetrium
myometrium
endometrium

48
Q

What are the two componets of the endometrium?

A

Stratum functionalis
- lines uterine cavity

Stratum basalis
-permanents

49
Q

What component of the endometrium sloughs off in mensturation?

A

Stratum functionalis

50
Q

Describe the muscle type of the Myometrium and it’s function in childbirth.

A

Smooth muscle- middle circular, inner and outer longitudinal/oblique

creates coordinated contractions of the myometrium in response to oxytocin to help expel foetus

51
Q

The Perimetrium:
laterally becomes…
Anterirorly covers the…
posteriorly covers the.. forming…

A

broad ligament
bladder, vesicouterine pouch
rectum, rectouerine pouch

52
Q

Structure of the Cervix

A

Inferior part of uterus and in a anteverted position to vaginal canal

Vaginal fornix- recess around cervix where it joins to vaginal wall

Stratified squamous (protective) and columnar

53
Q

The vagina travels …. and … to the pelivc cavity

A

superior and posteriorly

54
Q

The vagina is inbetween the … and the …

A

urinary bladder and rectum

55
Q

What are the three pairs of superficial pouch muscles?

A

Ischiocavernosus
Bulbospongiosus
Superficial transverse perineal muscles

56
Q

Mons pubis

A

fat pad
covered by skin and pubic hair
cushions pubic symphysis

57
Q

labia majora

A

two longitudinal folds that extend inferiorly and posteriorly

58
Q

labia minora

A

to smllaer folds deep to the labia majora

59
Q

clitoris

A

small cyliditcal mass
contains two small erectile bodies

60
Q

What are the roots for Genitofemoral nerve?

A

L1 and L2

61
Q

What are the sensory functions of the Genitofemoral nerve for males and females?

A

Innervates skin of anterior scrotum or over mons pubis and labia majora

62
Q

what is the root of the sciatic nerve?

A

L4-S3

63
Q

What are the roots for Pudendal nerve?

A

S2-S4

64
Q

What are the sensory and motor functions of pudendal nerve

A

Pelvic muscles, external sphincter and external anal sphincter

sensation to external genitalia (both sexes) and skin around anus, anal canal and perineum.

65
Q

6 major lumbar plexues

A

liohypogastric, ilioinguinal, genitofemoral, lateral femoral cutaneous, femoral nerve, obturator, and nerve to the lumbosacral trunk

66
Q

what is the root for the iliohypogastric nerve?

A

L1

67
Q

What is the root for the Ilioingunial nerve?

A

L1

68
Q

What is the root for the lateral cutaneous nerve?

A

L2 and L3

69
Q

What is the root of the orbutatrtor nerve?

A

L2-L4

70
Q

What is the lumbar plexus?

A

liohypogastric, ilioinguinal, genitofemoral, lateral femoral cutaneous, femoral nerve, obturator, and nerve to the lumbosacral trunk

71
Q

what are the three nerve branches of the Sacral plexus?

A

Sciatic
Gluteal
pudendal

72
Q

Roots of superior gluteal nerves

A

L4-S1

73
Q

roots of inferior gluteal nerves

A

L5-S2

74
Q

what are the roots for the Pudendal nerve?

A

Ventral divisions of S2-S4

75
Q

Where doe the nerves of the coccygeal plexus come from?

A

Some from S4

Mainly from anterior rami of S5 and coccygeal nerve

75
Q

Nerve branch of coccygeal plexus and where does it innervate?

A

Annococcygeal nerve

skin of anal triangle of perineum

76
Q

what forms the lumbosacral plexus

A

lumbosacral trunk

77
Q

what are the roots of the lumbosacral plexus?

A

L4-S4

78
Q

What are the two visceral plexuses?

A

Paracertebral chain and prevertebral plecuxus

79
Q

bifurcate

A

divide into two branches

80
Q

What are the branches of the anterior trunk of internal iliac? WHat do each do?

A

Supply Urinary organs:
Umbilical artery
superior vesical artery
inferior vesical artery

Supply pelvis organs
uterine artery
middle rectal artery
vaginal artery

Supply walls of the pelvis
obturator artery
internal pudendal artery
inferior gluteal artery

81
Q

What are the branches of the posterior trunk?

A

Iliolumbar Artery, Lateral sacral arteries
superior gluteal artery
(PILLS G)

82
Q

what ligament runs in the inguinal canal of females

A

round ligaments of the uterus

83
Q

what are the 2 layers of peritoneum, what do they do

A
  1. parietal peritoneum covers the pelvic cavity
  2. visceral peritoneum drapes over the pelvic viscera (forming reflections)
84
Q

female external genatalia

A

vulva, labia minora, labia majora, vestibule and mons pubis.

85
Q
A

REPRO (14 decks)

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