Pelvis

Question 0

Ischiofemoral ligament

Answer 0

Reinforces fibrous capsule posteriorly

Resists hyperextension

Question 1

Iliofemoral ligament

Answer 1

Largest and most important
Inverted Y
Attaches AIIS and acetabular rim to intertrochanteric line
Reinforces fibrous capsule anteriorly
Insertion at intertrochanteric line

Question 2

Lumbar plexus (anterior division)

Answer 2

Subcostal (T12)
Iliohypogstric (T12, L1)
Ilioinguinal (L1)
Genitofemoral (L1, L2)

Question 3

Lumbar plexus (posterior division)

Answer 3

Lateral femoral cutaneous (L2, L3)
Femoral (L2, L3, L4)
Obturator (L2, L3, L4)

Question 4

Sacral plexus (Posterior division)

Answer 4

Superior Gluteal (L4, L5, S1)
Inferior gluteal (L5, S1, S2)
Common Peroneal (L4, L5, S1, S2)
Nerve to piriformis (S1, S2)

Question 5

Sacral plexus (Anterior Division)

Answer 5

Tibial (L4, L5, S1, S2, S3)
Branch to Quadratus femoris & inferior gemellus (L4, L5, S1)
Branch to obturator internus & superior gemellus (L5, S1, S2)
Pudenal (S2, S3, S4)

Question 6

Where is the lumbar plexus located?

Answer 6

Plexus lies in between the papas major and Quadratus lumborum muscles “psoas compartment”

Question 7

Quadratus Lumborum

Answer 7

O: iliac crest (posterior inner lip)
I: lower border of12th rib & transverse processes of L2-L5
Fx: lateral flexion,
nn: anterior branches of 12th thoracic nerve and L1-L4 or L5

Question 8

Iliacus

Answer 8

O: superior 2/3 of iliac fossa, aka of sacrum, and anterior sacroiliac ligaments
I: lesser trochanter, and shaft inferior to it
Fx: flexes thigh and stabilizes hip join
nn: muscular branch of femoral nerve (L1-L3)

Question 9

Psoas Major & Psoas Minor

Answer 9

O: transverse processes of L1-L5, discs and bodies of T12-L5
I: lesser trochanter
Fx: flexes thigh, can flex vertebral column laterally with superior fibers, used to balance trunk
nn: direct fibers of L1-L3 of lumbar plexus

Question 10

Gluteus Maximus

Answer 10

O: posterior aspect of ilium posterior to posterior gluteal line, sacrotuberous ligament, and posterior inferior aspect of sacrum and coccyx
I: IT band fascia, gluteal tuberosity
Fx: Major EXtensor of hip assists in lateral rotation, upper and middle 1/3 section are abductors
nn: inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2)

Question 11

If there is weakness in the gluteus Maximus muscle, what type of compensation pattern may be present?

Answer 11

Extension of the trunk during gait

Question 12

Gluteus Medius

Answer 12

O: dorsal ilium inferior to iliac crest
I: lateral and superior surfaces of iliac crest
Fx: Major abductor of thigh, anterior fibers help to rotate hip medially, posterior fibers help to rotate hip laterally
nn: superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)

Question 13

Gluteus minimus

Answer 13

O: dorsal ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal line
I: anterior surface of greater trochanter
Fx: abducts and medially rotates the hip joint
nn: Superior gluteal nerve

Question 14

Piriformis

Answer 14

O: anterior surface of lateral process of sacrum (S2-S4), greater sciatic notch, and gluteal surface of ilium
I: superior border or greater trochanter
Fx: lateral rotator of hip, also helps abduct if hip is flexed
nn: nerve to piriformis (S1-S2)

Question 15

Superior gemellus

Answer 15

O: ischial spine
I: medial surface of greater trochanter of femur, in common with obturator internus
Fx: Lateral rotator of thigh, also helps abduct when hip flexed
nn: inferior gluteal nerve & nerve to obturator internus and superior gemellus

Question 16

Inferior gemellus

Answer 16

O: posterior portions of ischial tuberosity and lateral obturator ring
I: medial surface of greater trochanter of femur, in common with obturator internus
Fx: lateral rotator of thigh, also helps abduct when hip flexed
nn: nerve to obturator internus and inferior gemellus, also by superior gluteal nerve

Question 17

Obturator internus

Answer 17

O: internal surface of obturator membrane and posterior bony margins of obturator foremen
I: medial surface of greater trochanter of femur, in common with inferior gemellus
Fx: lateral rotator of the thigh, also helps abduct when hip is flexed
nn: nerve to obturator internus and superior gemellus & inferior gluteal nerve

Question 18

Quadratus Femoris

Answer 18

O: lateral margin of obturator ring above ischial tuberosity
I: Quadrate tubercle and adjacent bone of intertrochanteric crest of proximal posterior femur
Fx: lateral rotator of the hip, also abducts when hip is flexed
nn: superior gluteal nerve

Question 19

Obturator externus

Answer 19

O: external surface of obturator membrane and anterior bony margins of obturator foramen
I: posteromedial surface of greater trochanter
Fx: rotates thigh laterally, helps adduct thigh
nn: obturator

Question 20

Femoral triangle

Answer 20

“SAIL” = borders = sartorius, adductor longus, inguinal ligament

“NAVEL” = femoral nerve, artery, vein! empty space, lymph nodes - lymph nodes medial to vein

Question 21

What surgery is performed by entering through the artery located in the femoral triangle?

Answer 21

Coronary angioplasty

Question 22

Trendelenburg’s Sign

Answer 22

Gluteus Medius weakness
If muscles weak, hip on unsupported side sinks down
Damage to superior gluteal nerve
Results in waddling