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Anatomy: DPT 620 > Foot > Flashcards

Foot Flashcards

1
Q

what is the largest and strongest bone of the foot?

A

Calcaneus - transmits majority of body weight to ground

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2
Q

what is the sustentaculum tali?

A

supports head of talus and groove on inferior surface of flexor hallucis longus tendon

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3
Q

what type of joint is the ankle considered?

A

Synovial Hinge Joint

  • Dorsiflexion and plantarflexion
  • Inversion and eversion take place at tarsal joints NOT at ankle joint
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4
Q

Name the three articulations that form the ankle joint

A

Inferior surface of distal tibia with talus
Medial malleolus of tibia with talus
Lateral malleolus of fibula with talus

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5
Q

in what position is the ankle joint the most stable?

A

dorsiflexed and wider surface of talus moves into ankle joint
(more so than when foot is plantarflexed and narrower part of talus is in joint)

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6
Q

name the subdivisions of the medial deltoid ligament

A

Tibionavicular
Tibiocalcaneal
Anterior tibiotalar
Posterior tibiotalar

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7
Q

What motion does the medial deltoid ligament prevent?

A

Prevents overeversion of foot and helps maintain medial longitudinal arch

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8
Q

Name the subdivisions of the Lateral ligament

A

Anterior talofibular
Posterior talofibular
Calcaneofibular

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9
Q

What motion does the lateral ligament resist?

A

Resists inversion of the foot

Ligament torn in ankle sprain

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10
Q

What type of joint is the Subtalar (Talocalcaneal) Joint considered?

A

Planar, synovial joint

Inferior surface of body of talus articulates with superior surface of calcaneus

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11
Q

What types of movements do the Subtalar joints allow?

A

Allows inversion and eversion of foot

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12
Q

What type of joint is the talocalcaneonavicular joint considered?

A

Ball (head of talus) and socket joint (calcaneus and navicular)

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13
Q

What types of movements do the talocalcaneonavicular joints allow?

A

Allows inversion and eversion

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14
Q

What type of joint is the calcaneocuboid Joint considered?

A

Planar, synovial joint between anterior end of calcaneus and posterior surface of cuboid

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15
Q

what types of movements do the calcaneocuboid joints allow?

A

Allows inversion and eversion

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16
Q

What two joints are considered transverse talar joints?

A

Talonavicular part of talocalcaneonavicular joint

Calcaneocuboid joint

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17
Q

What type of joint is the cuneonavicular joint considered? and how much movement, if any occurs at this joint?

A

Planar, synovial joints

Little movement occurs

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18
Q

What type of joint is the Tarsometatarsal joint considered? and how much movement, if any occurs at this joint?

A

Planar, synovial

Limited gliding or sliding movements

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19
Q

What type of joint is the Metatarsophalangeal joint considered? and how much movement, if any occurs at this joint?

A

Condyloid synovial joints

Allows extension and flexion, some abduction, adduction and circumduction

20
Q

What type of joint is the Interphalangeal joint considered? and how much movement, if any occurs at this joint?

A

Hinge synovial joints

Allow flexion and extension

21
Q

What muscles help to strengthen the Medial Longitudinal Arch

A

Strengthened by tibialis anterior and fibularis longus tendon

22
Q

What structure is the “keystone” of the Medial Longitudinal arch? What is this arch used for?

A

Higher than lateral longitudinal arch

Talar head is keystone of arch

Primarily weight-bearing

23
Q

What is the purpose of the Lateral Longitudinal Arch? When is this structure flattened to the ground?

A

Flatter and rests on ground during standing

Provides balance

24
Q

What two muscles help to maintain the curvature of the Transverse arch?

A

Fibularis longus and tibialis posterior help maintain curvature of arch

25
Q

What are the dorsal intrinsic muscles of the foot innervated by?

A

deep fibular nerve

26
Q

what are the plantar intrinsic muscles of the foot innervated by?

A

medial and lateral plantar nerves

27
Q

What supplies the dorsal part of the foot with blood?

A

dorsalis pedis

28
Q

What supplies the plantar part of the foot with blood?

A

medial and leteral plantar arteries

29
Q

What are the intrinsic muscles of the dorsal part of the foot?

A

digitorum brevis

extensor hallucis brevis

30
Q

how many muscle layers make up the plantar side of the foot?

A

4

31
Q

In the plantar part of the foot, what muscles are considered layer I?

A

Abductor hallucis
Abductor digiti minimi
Flexor digitorum brevis

32
Q

In the plantar part of the foot, what muscles are considered layer II?

A

Quadratus plantae

lumbricales (FDL and FHL tendons)

33
Q

In the plantar part of the foot, what muscles are considered layer III?

A

Flexor hallucis brevis
Flexor digiti minimi
adductor halllucis

34
Q

In the plantar part of the foot, what muscles are considered layer IV?

A 
Plantar interossei
Dorsal interossei (tendons of PL and TP are also found)
35
Q

Extensor Digitorum Brevis

A

O: Calcaneus
I: Extensor tendons of digits 2-4
Fx: Extends digits 2-4
nn: Deep fibular nerve (L5, S1)

36
Q

Extensor Hallucis Brevis

A

O: Calcaneus
I: Dorsal aspect of base of digit 1
Fx: Extends digit 1
Nn: Deep fibular nerve (L5, S1)

37
Q

Abductor Hallucis

A

O: Medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus
I: Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of digit 1
Fx:Abducts and flexes digit 1
Nn: Medial plantar nerve (S2, S3)

38
Q

Flexor Digitorum Brevis

A

O:Medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus
I:Both sides of middle phalanges of digits 2-5
Nn: Medial plantar nerve (S2, S3)
Fx: Flexes digits 2-5

39
Q

Abductor Digiti Minimi

A

O: Medial and lateral tubercles of tuberosity of calcaneus
I: Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit
Nn: Lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)
Fx: Abducts and flexes digit 5

40
Q

Quadratus Plantae

A

O: Medial surface and lateral margin of plantar surface of calcaneous
I: Posterolateral margin of tendon of flexor digitorum longus
Nn: Lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)
Fx: Assists flexor digitorum longus in flexing digits 2-5

41
Q

Lumbricals

A

O: Tendons of flexor digitorum longus
I: Medial aspect of expansion of digits 2-5
Nn: 1st lumbrical: medial plantar nerve (S2, S3)
Lumbrical 2-4: lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)
Fx: Flex proximal phalanges, extend middle and distal phalanges of digits 2-5

42
Q

Flexor Hallucis Brevis

A

O: Plantar surfaces of cuboid and lateral cuneiforms
I: Both sides of base of proximal phalanx of digit 1
Nn: Medial plantar nerve (S2, S3)
Fx: Flexes proximal phalanx of digit 1

43
Q

Adductor Hallucis

A

O: Oblique Head- bases of metatarsals 2-4
Transverse Head- plantar ligaments of MP joints
I: Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of digit 1
Nn: Deep branch of lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)
Fx: Adduct digit 1, assists in transverse arch of foot

44
Q

Flexor Digit Minimi Brevis

A

O: Base of 5th metatarsal
I: Base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit
Nn: Superficial branch of lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)
Fx: Flexes proximal phalanx of 5th digit

45
Q

Plantar Interossei

A

O:Bases and medial sides of metatarsals 3-5
I: Medial sides of bases of phalanges 3-5
Nn: lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)
Fx: Adducts digits 2-4

46
Q

Dorsal Interossei

A

O: Adjacent sides of metatarsals 1-5
I: 1st dorsal interossei - medial side of proximal phalanx of digit 2
2nd-4th dorsal interossei - lateral sides of digits 2-4
Nn: lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)
Fx: Abducts digits 2-4

Anatomy: DPT 620 (12 decks)

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