Pelvic vessels, nerves and lymphatics

Question 1

What are the main branches of abdominal aorta that supply the pelvis?

Answer 1

Common iliac artery
Gonadal artery
Median sacral artery
Inferior mesenteric artery

Question 2

At which level does common iliac artery bifurcate?

Answer 2

L5/S1

Question 3

What is the fate of external iliac a?

Answer 3

Becomes femoral a

Question 4

Median sacral artery supplies what structures?

Answer 4

Lower lumbar vertebrae
Sacrum
Coccyx

Question 5

What is the terminal branch of inferior mesenteric a?

Answer 5

Superior rectal a

Question 6

Superior rectal a supplies what?

Answer 6

Rectum as far inferiorly as the internal anal sphincter

Question 7

What is the fate of internal iliac a?

Answer 7

Has anterior and posterior divisions

Question 8

What are the branches of the posterior division of internal iliac a?

Answer 8

Iliolumbar a
Lateral sacral aa
Superior gluteal a

Question 9

Between what two structures does the iliolumbar a ascend?

Answer 9

Obturator n and lumbosacral trunk

Question 10

Iliolumbar a supplies what structures?

Answer 10

Psoas major m
Iliacus m
Quadratus lumborum m
Cauda equina in vertebral canal

Question 11

Lateral sacral a supplies what structures?

Answer 11

Piriformis m
Spinal meninges 
Roots of sacral nerves 
Erector spinae 
Skin covering dorsal sacrum

Question 12

Through which structures do lateral sacral arteries pass?

Answer 12

Enter anterior sacral foramina and exit posterior sacral foramina

Question 13

Superior gluteal a supplies what structures?

Answer 13

Piriformis
Gluteal mm
Tensor fascia lata

Question 14

What artery if the terminal branch of the posterior division of Internal iliac a?

Answer 14

Superior gluteal a

Question 15

What are the nine branches of Anterior division of Internal iliac a?

Answer 15

1. Umbilical a
2. Superior vesical aa
3. Obturator a
4. Inferior vesical a
5. Uterine a
6. Vaginal a
7. Middle rectal a
8. Internal pudental a
9. Inferior gluteal a

Question 16

Superior vesical aa that are branches of the umbilical a supply what structure?

Answer 16

Urinary bladder

Question 17

Obturator a supplies which structures?

Answer 17

Pelvic muscles
Head of the femur
Medial thigh

Question 18

Accessory obturator a is present in what percent of the population?

Answer 18

20%

Question 19

Inferior vesical a supplies what structures?

Answer 19

Urinary bladder
Ureter
Prostate
Seminal vesicles

Question 20

Uterine a supplies what structures?

Answer 20

Uterus
Uterine ligaments
Uterine tubes
Ovaries

Question 21

Uterine artery anastomoses with what artery?

Answer 21

Ovarian a

Question 22

Middle rectal a supplies what structures?

Answer 22

Rectum
Prostate and seminal vesicles in males
Vagina in females

Question 23

Internal pudental a

Answer 23

Perineum

Question 24

Internal pudental a exits the pelvis via ______ ________ ________ , loops around the ischial spine to enter the perineum via ______ ________ _______.

Answer 24

Greater sciatic foramen

Lesser sciatic foramen

Question 25

Inferior gluteal a supplies what structures?

Answer 25

``` Piriformis m Gluteus maximus m Quadratus femoris Pelvic diaphragm Sciatic nerve ```

Question 26

T/F: Pelvic Venous plexuses have no valves.

Answer 26

True

Question 27

Pelvic venous plexuses have important communications with which venous plexuses?

Answer 27

Vertebral (Batson's veins)

Question 28

Pelvic plexuses are drained by the tributaries of which veins?

Answer 28

Internal iliac v Inferior mesenteric v Lateral sacral v

Question 29

Internal iliac veins form ________ to the greater sciatic foramen and lie ________-_________ to the internal iliac arteries.

Answer 29

Superior; Postero-inferior

Question 30

Internal iliac veins merge with ______ _____ _____ to form common iliac veins, which unite at the level of __/__ disk and drain into IVC.

Answer 30

External Iliac V; L4/L5

Question 31

Which vessels are included in the term 'pelvic veins?'

Answer 31

Lateral sacral veins Superior gluteal vein Superior rectal vein Testicular/ovarian vein

Question 32

Lateral sacral vein is a tributary to which vein?

Answer 32

Internal iliac v

Question 33

Lateral sacral vein anastomoses with which plexus?

Answer 33

Internal vertebral plexus

Question 34

Lateral sacral vein provides a _________ pathway to reach both SVC and IVC.

Answer 34

collateral

Question 35

What vein is a pathway for metastatic cells of ovarian and prostate cancer to get to the vertebrae and cranial cavity.

Answer 35

Lateral sacral vein

Question 36

Superior gluteal vein is a tributary of which vein?

Answer 36

Internal iliac vein

Question 37

Superior rectal vein is a tributary of which vein?

Answer 37

Inferior mesenteric vein

Question 38

What are the four groups of lymph nodes draining the pelvic viscera?

Answer 38

External iliac Internal iliac Sacral Common iliac

Question 39

Which nodes drain into external iliac lymph nodes?

Answer 39

Inguinal nodes | Superior parts of middle to anterior pelvic viscera

Question 40

Which nodes drain into internal iliac lymph nodes?

Answer 40

Inferior pelvic viscera Deep perineum Gluteal region

Question 41

Which lymph nodes drain into sacral lymph nodes?

Answer 41

Postero-inferior pelvic viscera

Question 42

Which lymph nodes do all the lymph nodes drained by pelvic viscera drain into?

Answer 42

Common iliac nodes

Question 43

Which lymph nodes do the common iliac lymph nodes drain into?

Answer 43

Lumbar nodes

Question 44

What somatic nerve plexuses innervate pelvis? Which spinal nerves do each include?

Answer 44

Sacral plexus; (S1-S4) | Coccygeal plexus; (S4-S5)+Co

Question 45

What are the nerves in the sacral plexus? What spinal nerves do each include?

Answer 45

Sciatic n; (L4-S3) Pudental n; (S2-S4) Superior gluteal n; (L4-S1) Inferior gluteal n; (L4-S2)

Question 46

Structures innervated by sciatic n

Answer 46

Hamstrings Leg Foot

Question 47

Structures innervated by the pudental n

Answer 47

Perineum

Question 48

Which structure does the pudental n pass through to enter perineum?

Answer 48

Lesser sciatic foramen

Question 49

Structures innervated by superior gluteal n

Answer 49

Gluteus medius m | Gluteus minimus m

Question 50

Structures innervated by inferior gluteal n

Answer 50

Gluteus maximus m

Question 51

What structures supply autonomic innervation to the pelvic viscera?

Answer 51

Hypogastric plexuses (superior and inferior) Pelvic Splanchnic Nerves

Question 52

Coccygeal plexus innervates what structures?

Answer 52

Coccygeus m Part of levator ani Sacrococcigeal joint

Question 53

Which plexus supply sympathetic innervation to pelvic viscera?

Answer 53

Hypogastric plexuses

Question 54

Which nerves supply parasympathetic innervation to pelvic viscera?

Answer 54

Pelvic Splanchnic Nerves

Question 55

Which spinal cord levels do pelvic splanchnic nerves arise?

Answer 55

S2, S3, S4

Question 56

Which structures are associated with pelvic plexuses in males?

Answer 56

prostate and seminal vesicles

Question 57

In males, _____________ prostatic fibers of pelvic plexus penetrate the pelvic diaphragm to reach the erectile tissues in the penis, producing an erection.

Answer 57

Parasympathetic

Question 58

Which structures are associated with pelvic plexuses in females?

Answer 58

Cervix of the uterus | Lateral fornices of the vagina