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Endo/Repro > Neck > Flashcards

Neck Flashcards

1
Q

What causes Torticollis most frequently?

A

Birth trauma

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2
Q

What may accompany Torticollis?

A

Benign fibrous tumor

[this is termed “fibromatosis colli” and typically resolves with physical therapy]

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3
Q

Which pharyngeal arches do the nerves of the neck arise from mainly?

A

4th and 6th

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4
Q

Which are the main nerves of the neck that arise from the 4th and 6th pharyngeal arches?

A

Superior laryngeal branch of Vagus N (CN X)

Recurrent laryngeal branch of Vagus N (CN X)

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5
Q

What two muscles are innervated by the spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)?

A

SCM

Trapezius

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6
Q

What are the five fascial compartments of the neck?

A 
Superficial fascia 
Investing Layer 
Pretracheal Layer 
Prevertebral Layer 
Alar fascia and carotid sheath
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7
Q

What are the two layers of the deep fascia of the neck?

A

Pretracheal layer

Prevertebral layer

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8
Q

What are the two parts of pretracheal layer of cervical fascia?

A

Muscular

Visceral

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9
Q

What are enclosed in muscular part of pretracheal layer?

A

Infrahyoid muscles

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10
Q

What are enclosed in visceral layer of pretracheal layer?

A 
Thyroid gland 
larynx 
trachea 
pharynx 
esophagus
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11
Q

Pretracheal layer of deep cervical fascia is continuous superiorly and posteriorly with which fascia?

A

Buccoopharyngeal fascia of the pharynx

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12
Q

Carotid sheath is continuous anteriorly with which layers? Posteriorly with which layer?

A

Investing
Pretracheal

Prevertebral

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13
Q

What does the carotid sheath contain?

A 
Common and internal carotid arteries 
Internal Jugular vein
Vagus N 
Deep cervical lymph nodes 
Carotid sinus nerve 
Sympathetic nerve fibers
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14
Q

What are the three zones of penetrating trauma in the cervical region?

A

Zone I
Zone II
Zone III

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15
Q

Zone I lies between what structures?

A

From clavicle and jugular notch to cricoid cartilage.

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16
Q

What structures are contained within Zone I?

A 
Thoracic outlet structures including cupula of the lung
Proximal common carotid a
Subclavian a
Vertebral a 
Thoracic duct 
Trachea 
Esophagus 
Thymus
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17
Q

Zone II lies between what structures?

A

From cricoid cartilage to angle of the mandible.

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18
Q

What structures are contained within Zone II?

A 
Internal and external carotid aa 
Jugular veins 
Pharynx 
Larynx 
Esophagus 
Recurrent laryngeal n 
Spinal cord
Trachea 
Thyroid and parathyroid glands
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19
Q

Zone III lies between what structures?

A

From angle of mandible to the base of the skull.

20
Q

What structures are contained within Zone III?

A

Extracranial carotid and vertebral arteries

Uppermost segment of jugular vein

21
Q

What is the largest and most important interfascial space in the neck?

A

Retropharyngeal space

22
Q

Where is the retropharyngeal space located?

A

Between prevertebral layer and buccopharyngeal fascia

23
Q

What are the cutaneous cervical branches of cervical plexus?

A

Lesser Occipital N (C2)
Transverse Cervical N (C2, C3)
Great Auricular N (C2, C3)
Suprascapular N (C3, C4)

24
Q

What are the nerves found deep to the investing fascia?

A 
Accessory N 
Nerve to levator scapulae
Phrenic N 
Dorsal scapular N 
Roots of brachial plexus
25
Q

Which nerve roots form the cervical plexus?

A

C1, C2, C3, C4

26
Q

Which nerves form the ansa cervicalis?

A

C1, C2, C3

27
Q

Which nerve forms the superior root of ansa cervicalis?

A

C1

28
Q

Which nerves form the inferior root of ansa cervicalis?

A

C2, C3

29
Q

What muscles are innervated by the nerves coming out of the loop of the ansa cervicalis?

A

Sternothyroid
Sternohyoid
Omohyoid (inferior belly)

30
Q

Which nerves form the phrenic n?

A

C3, C4, C5

[three, four, five keep the diaphragm alive]

31
Q

What are the suprahyoid muscles?

A

Mylohyoid
Genihyoid
Digastric

32
Q

What nerve innervates the anterior belly of digastric m?

A

Mandibular division of trigeminal n

33
Q

What nerve innervates the posterior belly of digastric m?

A

Facial n

34
Q

What are the infrahyoid muscles?

A

Sternothyroid
Sternohyoid
Omohyoid
Thyrohyoid

35
Q

Which two muscles are innervated by C1 via Hypoglossal N?

A

Genihyoid

Thyrohyoid

36
Q

What is the function of mylohyoid m?

A

Elevate hyoid and tongue

37
Q

What is the function of digastric m?

A

Depress mandible

Steady hyoid

38
Q

What is the function of sternohyoid m?

A

Depress hyoid and larynx

39
Q

What is the function of thyrohyoid muscle?

A

Depress hyoid

Elevate larynx

40
Q

T/F: Supra/Infrahyoid muscles are anterior to the thyroid.

A

True

These are extrinsic muscles that overlie the larynx and tongue muscles.

41
Q

What are the anterior prevertebral muscles of the neck?

A

Longus coli
Rectus capitis anterior
Longus capitis
Anterior scalene

42
Q

What are the lateral vertebral muscles of the neck?

A

Splenius capitis
Levator scapulae
Rectus capitis lateralis
Middle and posterior scalenes

43
Q

Thoracic outlet is the space between which two structures?

A

Clavicle and first rib

44
Q

What is the motor part of the cervical plexus?

A

Ansa cervicalis

45
Q

What are the branches of thoracocervical trunk?

A

Suprascapular A
Cervicodorsal trunk (transverse cervical a)
Ascending cervical A
Inferior thyroid A

46
Q

What is the first branch of external carotid artery?

A

Superior thyroid a

Endo/Repro (8 decks)

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