Male reproductive physiology

Question 1

What hormones are synthesized in testes?

Answer 1

Testosterone and Inhibin

Question 2

Testosterone inhibits secretion of which hormones? (negative feedback)

Answer 2

GnRH and LH

Question 3

Estradiol and Inhibin inhibit secretion of which hormones?

Answer 3

GnRH and FSH

Question 4

Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Testicular axis has a role in what processes?

Answer 4

1. Phenotypic gender
2. Sexual maturation (puberty)
3. Testosterone production
4. Sperm production

Question 5

What are the two genetic sexes?

Answer 5

XX; XY

Question 6

What are the two different gonads?

Answer 6

Testes; Ovaries

Question 7

What determines the phenotypic sex?

Answer 7

Internal and external genitalia

Question 8

What has to be present in order for male phenotypic sex to develop?

Answer 8

Antimullerian hormone and testosterone

Question 9

Absence of antimullerian hormone and testosterone leads to development of which phenotypic sex?

Answer 9

Female

Question 10

Which cells in testes produce testosterone?

Answer 10

Leydig cells

Question 11

Which cells in testes produce antimullerian hormone?

Answer 11

Sartoli cells

Question 12

Which hormone is responsible for development of male external genitalia?

Answer 12

DHT

Question 13

Which enzyme converts testosterone into DHT?

Answer 13

5-a-reductase

Question 14

What are the male external genitalia?

Answer 14

Prostate, penis, scrotum

Question 15

What are the male internal genitalia?

Answer 15

Seminal vesicles
Vas deferens
Epididymis
Ejaculatory ducts

Question 16

Which hormone is responsible for the development of male internal genitalia?

Answer 16

Testosterone

Question 17

What is the sex genotype of individuals with Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome?

Answer 17

XY

Question 18

What gonads do individuals with Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome have?

Answer 18

Testes

Question 19

Which condition is described with absent testosterone receptors?

Answer 19

Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome

Question 20

Due to lack of testosterone receptors, individuals with androgen insensitivity syndrome do not develop what structures?

Answer 20

male external and internal genitalia

Question 21

Do people with AIS have antimullerian hormone and testosterone?

Answer 21

Yes, they have testes

Question 22

Presence of antimullerian hormone and testosterone lead to absence of which structures in individuals with AIS even though they are phenotypically female?

Answer 22

Fallopian tubes, uterus, upper vagina

Question 23

What kind of external genitalia do individuals with AIS have?

Answer 23

Female (default): short vagina, labia, clitoris

Question 24

Individuals with AIS even develop breasts during puberty. Why do they have female secondary characteristics?

Answer 24

Too much testosterone which gets converted into estradiol.

Question 25

What structures make 80% of testes?

Answer 25

Seminiferous tubules

Question 26

What do seminiferous tubules produce?

Answer 26

Sperm

Question 27

What cells are present in seminiferous tubules?

Answer 27

Sartoli cells (supportive)

Spermatogonia (stem cells)

Spermatocytes (developing sperm)

Question 28

What makes 20% of testes?

Answer 28

Connective tissue (interstitium)

Question 29

What cells are present in the interstitium of testes?

Answer 29

Leydig cells 
Mast cells 
Macrophages 
Nerves
Blood vessels 
Lymphatics

Question 30

What do leydig cells produce?

Answer 30

Testosterone

Question 31

What hormone from pituitary stimulates Leydig cells?

Answer 31

LH

Question 32

What hormone from pituitary stimulates Sartoli cells?

Answer 32

FSH