PEersonality and wellbeing

Question 1

definition;

Answer 1

“the combination of feeling good and functioning well; the experience of positive emotionssuch as happiness and contentment as well as the development of one’s potential, having some control over one’slife, having a sense of purpose, and experiencing positive relationships” (Huppert, 2009).

Question 2

subjective wellbeing

Answer 2

life satisfaction, positive affect, negative affect.

Question 3

psychological wellbeing

Answer 3

Positive relations, autonomy, enviormental mastery, purpose in life, self acceptance, personal growth.

Question 4

4 consequences of the medical model

Answer 4

pyschology became pathologisers, we forgot about improving normal, no more positive interventions, human ability to thrive.

Question 5

resilience definiton

Answer 5

“A pattern of positive adaptation in the context of past or present adversity” (Wright & Masten, 2005)” “Resilience … is defined as typical development in the face of adverse circumstances that propel others to deleterious outcomes” (Deater-Deckard, Ivy & Smith, 2005)

Question 6

Garmezy 1974 resilience research

Answer 6

among these children at high risk for psychopathology was a subset of children who has a surpisingly healthy subset of adaptive patterns.

Question 7

resilience heritable?

Answer 7

Resiliance is considered heritible, has distinctive qualities or aspects of personality which are stable over time.

Question 8

Wagnild 1993

Answer 8

resiliance as a positive personality characteristic that enhances individual adaptation, 25 item scale consists of 5 components: equanimity, preseverance, self resiliance, meaningful, existential aloneness.

Question 9

CD-RISC

Answer 9

connor davidson 2003, widely used to measure resilience, contents drawn from many studies, also veen used to asses the resiliance as a personality trait.

Question 10

A03 for relience as a trait; Wagnild 1990

Answer 10

: balanced perspective of life,
perseverance, self-reliance, and attributing a meaning to
life

Question 11

A03 resilience is trait; riolli 2002

Answer 11

positive relationship
between resilience and openness to experience,
conscientiousness, and extraversion, and negatively
related to neuroticism

Question 12

relience as trait support; Davey

Answer 12

High self-worth correlated with extraversion, friendliness
and openness to new experiences (Davey et al. 2003)

Question 13

Support for relience as trait; silk

Answer 13

Silk et al (2007): role of social,
familial and biological
influences that would lead to
the progressive development
of resilience, which becomes
stable over time from a
certain age

Question 14

Resilience as a process; rutter

Answer 14

“people can only become resilient in the presence of adversity and that this dynamic process can vary in different contexts”

Question 15

resilience as a process Gillespie

Answer 15

“resilience is the process ofstruggle against hardship and can be learned at any age”

Question 16

Broffenbrenner social ecological systems theory 1989;

Answer 16

the environment surrounding children, adolescents, or youth influence their cognitive and their cognitive developmetns * individuals interact with their social surroundings and adapt in face of adversity.

Question 17

Sameroff 2009; resilience as process

Answer 17

transactional relationship between invironment and individual. Mechanism of sensitisation; relisiliance degrades as a result of accumulated truama.

Question 18

Foisson 2013

Answer 18

130 jewsih children in ww2 who were hidden, resiliance and trauma levels measures. Found higher trauma levels carreid low levels of resiliance.

Question 19

The resilience enhancement programme for students

Answer 19

Trait + process - normal adaptive proccess - there is potential to be “resilant like” - “Results of the meta-analysis provide important insights into the various pathways through which people build well-being in their lives” (Anglim et al., 2020, p. 279)

Question 20

REPS; findings (self efficacy)

Answer 20

Self efficacy, coping mechanisms, stress appraisal and social skill are some of the individual things that promote resiliance. However family and community ties such as stable caregiving and attachment and religion. (also good social life).

Question 21

Bio determinents of resilience

Answer 21

genetic factors; polymorphed genotype MAOA, or 5-HTT (serotonin transporter). Bio factors; activating hypothalamic pituitary adrenal gland (HPA), kloet et al 2005.

Question 22

Family/friendships with resilience

Answer 22

Stable family environments and supportive relationships associated with resilience following child maltreatment (Afifi & MacMillan 2011). Van Harmelen et al 2017 found that adolescent frinedship support positively promoted immediate and future resilience, but not adolescent family.

Question 23

personality and mental health (Lamers)

Answer 23

N = r -0.52 E = r0.27 A = r.023

Question 24

Kotov neuroticsim research

Answer 24

Neuroticisim positively linked to most mental health disorders tested, conscientousness negatively linked. Substance abuse showes high disinhibtion (low conscientiousness) and lower agreeableness. Openness unrelated, shows links of traits to mental health.

Question 25

spectrum model;

Answer 25

assumes neuroticism and psychopathology reflects the same process… in depression, a diagnosis is simply the most extreme score on a relevant trait. Possibly better explanation for chronic depression rather than episodic. Neuroticism and psychopathy have similar underlying causes (genetic and environmental) meaning the two appear related but are nor causal.

Question 26

D stress model

Answer 26

Vulnerability (diathesis) factors predispose some to psychopathology when stress is encountered (Zubin & Spring, 1977).

Question 27

vulnerability model

Answer 27

test to see neuroticism in early life before a history of disorder - disorder comes later