internet and personality

Question 1

Online inhibtion effect

Answer 1

The reduction of non verbal cues (vocal tone, eye contact) eases process of communicating online,

Question 2

the tripartite self disclosure model

Answer 2

(ostendorf 2022) the specificity of the environment as our own cognition, has a greater impact on shaping how we communicate online.

Question 3

how does it work?

Answer 3

Individual features such as general abilities, cognitive items and induced states combine with environmental features in order to begin the inner decision making process. This process begins with perception which measures control when certain stimuli perceived. This triggers the impulse and interoceptive system where impulsive and reflective systems (moral reasoning take place). Once level of evaluation complete there is the self disclosure decision such as privacy adjustments, and lack of self disclosure leading to behaviour related consequences either short or long term. These consequences take part in the next cycle of this model.

Question 4

Self disclosure; Cozby 1973

Answer 4

reveals information about the self Online disclosure; revealing information about the self in a online context

Question 5

Social Capital;

Answer 5

Social capital Putman 2001; formation and maintenance of our social networks. bonding (building relationships) & bridging (new relationships) are important aspects in these Online disinhibition effect, personality & individual differences & Triprate model all mediate this.

Question 6

Self dsiclosure; DAgata 2020

Answer 6

low honest-humility and concscientousness can result in higher self disclosure > higher bridging.

Question 7

support for Dagata 2020 Wagner

Answer 7

+ honesty is desirable in relationships (Wagner 2019)

Question 8

Support for Dagata 2020 Illmarien

Answer 8

+ offline those low in honesty (illmarien 2016) & conscientiousness (Finn 2013) have less successful relationships

Question 9

Kramer

Answer 9

high E > high self disclosure > higher bridging +

Question 10

Support for Kramer (Lee 2020)

Answer 10

Lee 2020; social media appeals to high E people as it is a place to gain popularity and advertising self

Question 11

Caci et al 2019

Answer 11

high openness and high online self disclosure > higher bonding

Question 12

support for Caci 2019 (DAgata)

Answer 12

+ d’Agata 2021; more cautious about what they post and how open it is

Question 13

Support for Caci et al 2019; Ryan 2011

Answer 13

+ Ryan 2011 spends less time online, use that time for bonding over bridging.

Question 14

Personality and the online; Dagata and Kwnates 2020 research

Answer 14

curious about the hexaco and links to online disinhibition Tested the following; Online disinhibition (self-developed).

Question 15

Personality and the online; Dagata and Kwnates 2020 method

Answer 15

Risky online behaviours (self-developed). HEXACO (HEXACO-PR, Ashton & Lee, 2008). UCLA Loneliness Scale (Russell, 1996). Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (Heimberg et al., 1999). Stimulating Instrumental Risk Survey (Zaleskiewicz, 2001).

Question 16

Personality and the online; Dagata and Kwnates 2020 findings (Contains data from Lee and Horsten)

Answer 16

Findings Honesty humility predicted both online disinhibition and risky online behaviours. Lee 2004, Low ratings of this = manipulating behaviours, sly. Infidelity, cheating, stealing linked to this. Horsten 2021, also associated to low regard for others. Online disinhibition may cause anti social or risky behaviour online especially in those who are low in honesty humility.

Question 17

Personality and the online; Horwood and Anglim 2018 research

Answer 17

Wanted to test personality and its links to problematic smartphone use.

Question 18

Personality and the online; Horwood and Anglim 2018 method

Answer 18

Mobile Phone Problem Use Scale (Bianchi & Phillips, 2005). Tested the * Smartphone Use (Van Deursen et al., 2015). * IPIP-NEO Inventory (Goldberg et al., 2006). * HEXACO PI-R (Ashton et al., 2014).

Question 19

Personality and the online; Horwood and Anglim 2018 findings; data from Kim and Smith

Answer 19

Emotionality and N were strongest predictors, Emotonality very similar but slightly different conceptually to N. emotionality linked to sentimentality but neuroticism links to control. High emotionality may seek more reassurance from social relationships (Kim et al 2015). Relies on smartphone fro this
High emotinality prone to depression and anxiety thus may seek help online. Morris 1981 and may experience backlash/cyberbullying (Smith 2016)

Question 20

Personality and the online; Abassi research

Answer 20

Interested in personality in gamers v non gamers. Used HREF, 380 gamers, 475 control 16-19

Question 21

Personality and the online; Abassi method

Answer 21

Independent samples t-test to find HEXACO differences.

Question 22

Personality and the online; Abassi. fiindings. uses info from Teng, islam and Gosling

Answer 22

Gamers higher in C, adn thos high in C value skill development more likely than those in low C (Teng 2008) video games provide a space for this. Those high in C tend to be more strategic (Islam 2017). Many results found different depending on genre ( MMORPG Gosling 2013) Links to tripartite model - specificity of environmental features may impact those high in C self disclose.

Question 23

Personality and the online; Morelli. research

Answer 23

FInd a link between Hexaco and Sexting, 5542 ppl average of 20 yrs.

Question 24

Personality and the online; Morelli. method

Answer 24

Hexaco PI-R and sexting behaviours questionaire

Question 25

Personality and the online; Morelli. findings info from symmons, aluja, goclowska, orchard

Answer 25

High E = sexting and risky sexting behaviours, high e is often correlated with socialisation and novel social seeking Goclowska 2019, Orchard 2014. Sexting viewed by adolescenets as a form of socialisation and novel social seeking. Symmons et al 2018, Aluja 2003.. Links to tripartite model as high E = impulsive choices online

Question 26

Personality and the online; Timmermans 2018. research

Answer 26

Find link between dark triad and tinder users. Looks at single and non single users. 3411 ppl, 26 yrs.

Question 27

Personality and the online; Timmermans 2018 method

Answer 27

Uses Hexaco PI-r. Online and offline tinder outcomes, big five, dark triad.

Question 28

Personality and the online; Timmermans 2018. findings. info from buss and schmitt

Answer 28

Low A = sig likely to be non single, more likely to have an affair in first four years of marriage (Buss 1997) and commit aduktery in general (Schmitt 2004)
Online disinhibition makes it easier to cheat as it is a virtual space with less guilt.
Tripartite model > low A tend to be less likely to percieve long and short term risks of infedility and digital footprint.

Question 29

Personality and the online; Lim. research

Answer 29

Interested in personality predicting consumer bheaviours online. 269 ppl, 41 age average.

Question 30

Personality and the online; Lim. method

Answer 30

Uses Hexaco, bandwagon perception, ad attitudes and intention to donate

Question 31

Personality and the online; Lim. findings

Answer 31

Found high O had greater donation intention, Lee 2004; more inclined to listen to new ideas and have alternate ideas (Lee 2004). High O engages with advertisements more (Bachrach 2012)