intellegnce (not complete, just things i missed) Flashcards
history; Galton
1822-1911 interested in hereditary nature of intellegence, believed the traits to be reaction time, sight, hearing, colour distinguishing.
history; Binet
Binet simon scale - french school system identifying kids who need more schholing (1857)
Spearman
1863 positive manigold (g) used factor analysis to make a consitent underlying factor; specific tests > becomes a general factor (g) > g resembles a deeper mental energy
Wechler
1896
standardised meadures using the Wais (adult intelegence) and WISC (scale for children) produced IQ scores. Contained general knowledge, similarities, vocabulary, comprehension, and arithmetic. It also contained non verbal questions involving pattern recognition, memory taska and object assembly.
What is IQ
A way to capture intelligence or g.
modern iQ
Weschler used a deviation IQ score (raw score converted to z score using z=x-mean/standard deviation) Z scores converted to iq. This way the scores form a normal distribution or a bell curve. 95.4% of people are between 70 and 130 on the graph.
A03; Clark
Clark et al 2020, tested iq in 140 countries; According to the data presented by the authors, several African, South Asian and Central American countries have an average IQ below 50.
Clarks criticism
These notions are incompatible with psychological science and all conclusions drawn from these data are invalid - eberson 2020 criticised this paper “The estimates of cognitive ability presented by Clark et al. (2020) are so flawed that it is impossible to draw any conclusions from their analysis. The paper should be retracted.”
who is adams 2000
WM training; limitations in the WM can lead to reading impairments as well as other lingo skills, including maths (Adams 2000).
who is engle 2002
also a possible link between fluid intelligence and WM ability (Engle 2002).
the real world application
Real world applications; brain training, a multi million pound industry where the general public wants to improve cognitive function - many brain training utilise tasks that correlate with g
A03 of brain training - owen
compared two groups of people; control and brain trained; improvements were seen in cognitive tasks closer to the brain training tasks. No clear evidence of far transfer effects,
A03 of brain training
meta analysis of 87 publications - specific training effects but no far transfer
Flynns studys specificis;
He found that in 1947 standards a group would score 108 but by 1947 standards they scored 100. This is because the US standards have increased and therefore americans have scored 8 more points in 24 years.
Flynn looked across 73 studies with 7.5k participants in US between 1932 and 78 to find the scores had raised by 14 points.
Bentons nutrition research
gains in human height have been attributed to better nutrition and intellegence could be similar result. There is a lot of research in this area ie breast feeding and intellegence and vitamin suplaments show to improve non verbal scores in camparison to a placebo group (Benton 1998).
