Peers, friendships and bullying

Question 1

Piaget 1932

Answer 1

children’s relationships with peers = relationships with adults

Question 2

Attachment theory Bowlby 1969

Answer 2

the repeated experiences of interactions with friends leads to an internalisation of social expectations

Question 3

Sullivan 1953

Answer 3

mutual respect, equality and reciprocity develop from peer relationships

Question 4

Cooley and Mead 1934

Answer 4

the ability to reflect on the self develops as a function of peer play and peer interaction

Question 5

social learning theory 1963

Answer 5

direct peer influence and indirect observation of peers

Question 6

group socialisation theory Harris 1995

Answer 6

peer group plays a more significant role in children’s personality and social development than parents

Question 7

Parental direct influences

Answer 7

• provide peer interaction opportunities

- show how to interact with other children by modelling

Question 8

Parental indirect influences

Answer 8

• parenting
• attachment
• parent-child play
• parent’s social network

Question 9

why are friendships important?

Answer 9

• fostering development of social competence
• serving as a source of ego support
• providing emotional security
• source of intimacy and affection
• providing guidance and assistance

Question 10

prosocial

Answer 10

• academically and socially competent
• good communication skills
• effectively resolve conflict
• can join group activities by adapting their own behaviour

Question 11

antisocial

Answer 11

• uncommon sub-type until later on in childhood
• characterised by aggressiveness
• often thought of as cool and tough

Question 12

rejected aggressive

Answer 12

conduct problems, poor social and emotional understanding, antagonistic

Question 13

rejected withdrawn

Answer 13

passive and lonely children, high incidence of social anxiety, likely to be victimised

Question 14

Salmivalli 2010 roles in cyber bullying situation

Answer 14

1. the bully or leader
2. active bystander - assistant
3. active bystander - the reinforcer
4. active bystander - the defender (of the victim)
5. the outsider/passive bystander
6. the victim

Question 15

Bullies characteristics

Answer 15

Good theory of mind abilities, good organisation abilities, but some bullies have poor social skills and some may be ‘controversial’, less empathy

Question 16

Why are children bullied?

Answer 16

Tend not to join in with activities, physical aspects, parenting, tend to be children who do not have many friends

Question 17

Methods of obtaining bullying rates

Answer 17

• self-report questionnaire
• one-to-one interview
• peer nomination
• teacher nomination
• observation of behaviour