Body Image

Question 1

Body image

Answer 1

the picture of our own body which we form in our mind, i.e., the way in which the body appears to ourselves

Question 2

attitudinal

Answer 2

the way one feels about their body

Question 3

perceptual

Answer 3

the way one sees their own body, an internal picture

Question 4

Body image: attitudinal

Answer 4

• body related emotions and feelings
• thoughts and beliefs
• evaluation and investment

Question 5

negative body image

Answer 5

can lead to dramatic attempts by the individual to alter their appearance, concerns self-evaluation and attitudes, often referred to as body disatissfaction and to feelings of unease or distress

Question 6

Perceptual body image

Answer 6

the picture of our own body that we form in our mind

Question 7

body image disortion

Answer 7

difference between a person’s actual body size and their judgement about their body, i.e., their size/shape they believe themselves to have

Question 8

measuring perceptual body image

Answer 8

• metric body part estimation

- participants adjust the distance between moveable indicators to match the perceived width of body parts

Question 9

positive body image

Answer 9

uniquely associated with well-being, self-care and eating

Question 10

Dual pathway by Stice and colleagues

Answer 10

• pressure to be thin-deal internalisation predicted increases body dissatisfaction
• body dissatisfaction predicted increased in dieting behaviour and negative affect

Question 11

Tripartite influence model

Answer 11

• proposes 3 formative influences - peers, family and media

- these 3 transfer body image ideals via thin-ideal internalisation, appearance comparison

Question 12

social comparison theory

Answer 12

people are driven to gain accurate evaluation of themselves by comparing themselves to others to reduce uncertainty
- putting attributed into a context, define themselves, their worth

Question 13

upward/downward comparison

Answer 13

women with high body concerns were found to report to engage in upward body comparisons more often than body satisfied women

Question 14

direct influence of family

Answer 14

• food and activity choices made for or encouraged in children
• direct encouragement to change shape/size

Question 15

indirect influence of family

Answer 15

• home environment
• acceptance of appearance based teasing
• role modelling
• attitudes to physical activity

Question 16

peers

Answer 16

• depends on age

- adolescent girls particularly valued the opinions of their peers in judging appearance

Question 17

positive peer influences

Answer 17

• reduce dieting and purging behaviours

- may protect each other against such extreme behaviours

Question 18

objectification theory by fredrickson and robers 1977

Answer 18

“society has a tendency to objectify the female body on a much larger scale than the male body; the theory attempts to understand the consequences of being female in such society”

Question 19

Cash’s cognitive behavioural model

Answer 19

proposes that development of body image perception and attitudes are shaped by historical/developmental influences and proximal influences

Question 20

proximal influences

Answer 20

current life context and events, via an interplay of cognitive, emotional and behavioural processes