Peds Thoraxic and Cardio

Question 1

At birth the ribs are composed mainly of what

Answer 1

cartilage and project at right angles

Question 2

infants rib cages are more ____ than adult

Answer 2

circular

Question 3

the AP diameter to lateral diameter ration ____ during the first 3 years

Answer 3

decreased

Question 4

diaphragm in infants

Answer 4

more horizontal

Question 5

alveolar multiplication after birth continues up to ______-

Answer 5

2 years of age

Question 6

What is the respiratory rate for neonates

Answer 6

40-60

Question 7

breathing in infants

Answer 7

obligate nasal breathers

periodic breathing

Question 8

apnea

Answer 8

cessation of breathing for greater than 20 seconds

Question 9

some physical signs the infant is in respiratory distress

Answer 9

head bobbing, nasal flaring, grunting moaning

Question 10

peripheral acrocyanosis

Answer 10

normal finding in neonate

Question 11

central cyanosis

Answer 11

abnoraml

Question 12

where is apical impulse found in the newborn

Answer 12

in 4th or 5th intercostal space, just medial to midclavicular line

Question 13

what might shift the apical impulse

Answer 13

pneumothorax
dextrocardia
diaphragmatic hernia

Question 14

enlarged liver may be an early sign of what

Answer 14

heart failure

Question 15

HR above 220 in a newborn can mean what

Answer 15

SCT

Question 16

absent impulse or diminished may mean

Answer 16

obstructino to the RV

Question 17

how is S2 different in the neonate

Answer 17

higher in pitch

Question 18

patent ductus arteriosis

Answer 18

machinery murmur

harsh, loud continous mumur heart at the first to third intercostal space and lower sternal border

Question 19

diminished femoral pulse in infant may be due to

Answer 19

coarctation of aorta

Question 20

when should we be concerned about newborn bp

Answer 20

> 80/50

Question 21

innocent murmur

Answer 21

midsystolic
max audible at mid left sternal border
heard better in supine, less when sitting or holding breath

Question 22

pathological murmu

Answer 22

abnormal cardiac size
abnoraml EKG
diastole mumur
loud, accompanied by thrill
cyanosis
abnormal pulse