Peds Thoraxic and Cardio Flashcards
At birth the ribs are composed mainly of what
cartilage and project at right angles
infants rib cages are more ____ than adult
circular
the AP diameter to lateral diameter ration ____ during the first 3 years
decreased
diaphragm in infants
more horizontal
alveolar multiplication after birth continues up to ______-
2 years of age
What is the respiratory rate for neonates
40-60
breathing in infants
obligate nasal breathers
periodic breathing
apnea
cessation of breathing for greater than 20 seconds
some physical signs the infant is in respiratory distress
head bobbing, nasal flaring, grunting moaning
peripheral acrocyanosis
normal finding in neonate
central cyanosis
abnoraml
where is apical impulse found in the newborn
in 4th or 5th intercostal space, just medial to midclavicular line
what might shift the apical impulse
pneumothorax
dextrocardia
diaphragmatic hernia
enlarged liver may be an early sign of what
heart failure
HR above 220 in a newborn can mean what
SCT
absent impulse or diminished may mean
obstructino to the RV
how is S2 different in the neonate
higher in pitch
patent ductus arteriosis
machinery murmur
harsh, loud continous mumur heart at the first to third intercostal space and lower sternal border
diminished femoral pulse in infant may be due to
coarctation of aorta
when should we be concerned about newborn bp
> 80/50
innocent murmur
midsystolic
max audible at mid left sternal border
heard better in supine, less when sitting or holding breath
pathological murmu
abnormal cardiac size abnoraml EKG diastole mumur loud, accompanied by thrill cyanosis abnormal pulse
