Abdomen Lab Flashcards
distension from umbilicus to pubic symphysis could mean
ovarian tumor, uterine fibroids, bladder distension, pregnancy
distension above umbilicus could mena
cancer or pancreatic cyst
lateral asymmetry could be
hernia, tumor, cyst, bowel obstruction, enlarged organ, muscle or soft tissue hematoma
ascites
makes skin of abdomen appear to glisten, or gives a taut appearance
superficial venous dilation could mean
portal hypertension
bulging near the umbilicus could mean
umbilical hernia
cullen’s sign
ecchymosis around umbilicus due to internal bleeding
grey turne’s sign
ecchymosis of flanks
purple straie
symptom of cushing disease
rippling movment of abdomen could mean
obstruction
marked pulsations in abdomen could mean
increased pulse pressure of abdominal aortic aneurism
increased bowl sounds could mean
gastreoenteritis, early bowl obstruction
decreased bowel sounds could mean
peritonitis and paralytic ileus
bruit in abdomen could mean
turbulence of blood flow, usually seen in vascular disease
what is the predominate sound of the abdomen
tympany
how do you find the borders of the liver
when the sound switches from tympani to dull
how large is the liver normally
6 to 12 cm
how may the liver be different in the eldery
smaller, shifted downward
what do you suspect if percussion elicits tenderness for the patient
peritonitis
guarding is a ____ contraction of muscles
voluntary
rigitidy is an ____ contraction of muscles
involuntary
normally what happens in abdominal reflexes
umbilicus moves toward the quadrant the doctor touches, abdominal muscles contract
no abdominal reflex could mean
disease of pyramidal tract, nerves are damaged
when do you do a murphy’s test
abdominal pain in upper quadrants
pain radiates to between the shoulder blades
pathology of gallbladder is suspected
steps of murphy’s test
pt lays supine
palpate right upper quadrant
hook fingers under the costal margin about the mid-calvicular line and have the pt take a deep breath
normal murphy’s sign
pt continues with respiration without a pause
positive murphy’s sign
patient has inspiration arrest
when do you do a McBurney’s test
you suspect peritoneal irritation from something like appendicitis
how do you do a McBurney’s test
pt is supine
palpate on a line going form ASIS to umbilcus
normal McBurney’s sign
non-tender, pain is not elevated at one specific point
postivie McBurney’s sign
maximal pain and tenderness caused by the pressure of palpation is at the exact point on line between ASIS and umbilicus
How do you do obturator test
pt supine
flex hip and knee to 90
internally and externally rotate hip
normal obturator test
no increased pain
positive obturator test
increased abdominal pain with internal and external rotation
how do you do a iliopsoas test
pt supine
with leg straight or slightly bent pt elevates leg against resistant
normal iliopsoas test
no increase in abdominal pain
positive ilioposas test
increased in pain with hip flexion
how do you do a heel jar test
pt stand with knees straight and on their tiptoes, have them drop to flat footed position
normal heel jar test
no increased pain
positive heel jar test
increased pain
rovsing’s sign
right lower quadrant pain increased when palpating lower left quadrant.
kehr sign
abdominal pain radiating to left shoulder. indicative of spleen problem
aaron sign
pain or distress occurs in area of pt’s heart or stomach on palpation of mcburney’s point
aaron sign means
appendicitis
ballance sign
fixed dullness to percussion in the left flank and dullness in the right flank that disappears on change of position
ballance sign means
peritoneal irritation
blumberg sign
rebound tenderness
blumberg sign means
peritoneal irritation, appendicitis
dance sign
absence of bowel sounds in the right lower quadrant
dance sign means
intussuscpetion
romberg-howship sign
pain down the medial aspect of the thigh to the knees
romberg howship sign means
strangulated obturator hernia
