Peds review part II

Question 1

Which phase consists of 6 substages that are governed by sensations in which simple learning takes place?

Answer 1

Sensorimotor

Question 2

In this stage, children develop a sense of CAUSE and EFFECR as they direct behavior toward objects

Answer 2

Sensorimotor

Question 3

True or False. In the preoperational phase, problem solving is primarily by trial and error?

Answer 3

False, Sensorimotor

Question 4

Sensorimotor phase

Answer 4

Children in this stage display a high level of curiosity, experimentation, and enjoyment of novelty, and begin to develop a sense of self as they are able to differentiate themselves from their environment.

Question 5

In this stage, children are aware that objects had permanence (that an object exists even though it is no longer visible).

Answer 5

Sensorimotor

Question 6

True or False. In the preoperational phase, thinking is concrete and tangible?

Answer 6

TRUE

Question 7

The predominant characteristic of this stage of intellectual development is Egocentrism

Answer 7

Preoperational

Question 8

True or False. Children in the sensorimotor stage cannot reason beyond the observable, and they lack the ability to make deductions or generalizations

Answer 8

False. Preoperational

Question 9

True or False. In the preoperational phase, thought is dominated by what children see, hear, or otherwise experience?

Answer 9

TRUE

Question 10

In the latter stages of ________, children’s reasoning is intuitive and also transductive

Answer 10

Preoperational

Question 11

T or F. In the concrete operational phase, thought becomes increasingly logic and coherent.

Answer 11

TRUE

Question 12

T or F, In the preoperational phase, children are able to classify, sort, order, and otherwise organize facts about the world to use in problem solving?

Answer 12

False, this occurs during the concrete operational phase

Question 13

In the stage, children develop CONSERVATION, meaning they realizw that physical factors such as volume, weight, and numbers remain the same even though outward appearances are changed.

Answer 13

Concrete operational

Question 14

T or F. Reasoning during the concrete phase is inductive

Answer 14

TRUE

Question 15

T or F. Thinking during the sensorimotor phase becomes socialized and thought becomes less self- centered?

Answer 15

False, this occurs during the concrete operational phase

Question 16

T or F. Thought during the formal operations phase is characterized by adaptability and flexibility.

Answer 16

TRUE

Question 17

Formal operations phase

Answer 17

Adolescents can think in abstact terms, use abstract symbols, and draw logical conclusions from a set of observations. They can also make hypotheses and test them.

Question 18

What is the first and most important attribute to develop for a healthy personality?

Answer 18

Trust. Establisment dominates the first year of life and describes all of the child’s satisfying experiences at this age.

Question 19

Mistrust

Answer 19

Develops when trust-promoting experiences are deficient or lacking, or when basic needs are inconsistently or inadequately met

Question 20

Trust vs. Mistrust

Answer 20

Usually occurs from birth to 1 year. Result is faith and optimism.

Question 21

_____, describes a time of “getting” and “taking in” through all senses

Answer 21

Trust vs Mistrust

Question 22

In this stage, children want to control their bodies, themselves, and their environment. They want to do things for themselves, using their newly acquired motor skills.

Answer 22

Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt

Question 23

What are the 2 favorable outcomes of Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt?

Answer 23

Self- control and willpower

Question 24

T or F. Negative feelings of doubt and shame arise when children are made to feel small and self-conscious, when their choices are disastrous, when others shame them, or when they are forced to be dependent in areas they are capable of assuming control

Answer 24

TRUE

Question 25

In this stage, children develop a conscience.

Answer 25

Initiative vs Guilt.

Question 26

What are the 2 lasting outcomes of Initiative vs Guilt?

Answer 26

Direction and purpose

Question 27

Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt

Answer 27

1- 3 years

Question 28

Initiative vs Guilt

Answer 28

3- 6 years

Question 29

Which stage is characterized by vigorous, intrusive behavior; enterprise; and a strong imagination?

Answer 29

Initiative vs Guilt

Question 30

T or F. During the Initiative vs Guilt phase, children sometimes undertake goals or activities that are in conflict with those of parents or others, and being made to feel that their activities are bad produces a sense of guilt.

Answer 30

TRUE

Question 31

Industry vs Inferiority

Answer 31

Usually occurs between the ages of 6- 12. Children are ready to become workers and producers and want to engage in tasks and activities that they can carry through to completion.

Question 32

T or F. During the Industry vs Inferiority phase, children need and want real achievement.

Answer 32

TRUE

Question 33

Feelings of ______ and _______ may develop during this phase if children feel that too much is expected of them or if they believe that they cannot measure up to the standards set for them by others

Answer 33

Inadequacy, inferiority; Industry vs Inferiority phase

Question 34

What is the ego quality developed from a sense of industry?

Answer 34

Competence

Question 35

During this phase, previous trust in their bodies is shaken, and children become overly preoccupied with the way they appear in the eyes of others as compared with their own self- concept

Answer 35

Identity vs Role Confusion

Question 36

Identity vs Role Confusion

Answer 36

12- 18 years; characterized by rapid and marked physical changes.

Question 37

Role confusion

Answer 37

Results from the inabilty to solve the core conflict.

Question 38

T or F. The outcome of successful mastery of Identity vs Role Confusion is devotion and fidelity to others, and to values and ideologies.

Answer 38

TRUE

Question 39

Toys for hospitalized toddlers (1-3 years) include:

Answer 39

Board and mallet, push-pull toys, toy telephones, stuffed animals. They benefit from play rooms because mobilty is very important to their development

Question 40

Toys for preschool children (3- 6 years) include:

Answer 40

Coloring books, puzzles, cutting and pasting, dolls, building blocks, clay, and toys that allow the child to work out experiences, especially their hospitalization experience

Question 41

Toys for school-age children (6- 12 years) include:

Answer 41

Board games, card games, and hobbies such as stamp collecting, puzzles, and video games.

Question 42

T or F. School age children are in Erickson’s stage of Industry, meaning they like to do and accomplish things. Peers are also important for chilldren of this age

Answer 42

TRUE

Question 43

When does a child speak two-to-three- word sentences?

Answer 43

2 years

Question 44

When does a child acheive 50% of adult height?

Answer 44

2 years

Question 45

When does birth length double?

Answer 45

4 years

Question 46

When does a child use scissors?

Answer 46

4 years

Question 47

When does a child tie his or her shoes?

Answer 47

5 years

Question 48

T or F. After 6 months, infant’s cognitive development allows them to remember pain

Answer 48

TRUE

Question 49

T or False. School- age children fear intrusive procedure and require preparation and explanation.

Answer 49

False, toddlers fear instrusive procedures

Question 50

T or F. Preschoolers fear body mutilation

Answer 50

TRUE

Question 51

T or F. School- age children fear loss of control of their bodies?

Answer 51

TRUE

Question 52

T or F. The major concern in adolescents is change in body imagine?

Answer 52

TRUE

Question 53

T or F. The common cold is not a contraindication for immunization?

Answer 53

True, it is ok to give with a minor illness. However, fever is not a normal expectation after shot.

Question 54

T or F. Transplacental antibodies stays in the neonates system longer than the passive immunity found in breast milk?

Answer 54

False, IgE lasts up to 3 months and passive immunity lasts up to 6 months.

Question 55

T or F. Children with German Measles do not pose a serious threat to thier unborn siblings

Answer 55

FALSE

Question 56

Compliance with immunization takes a lot of education for convincing. However, if the parents agree, you can give without getting written consent first.

Answer 56

False, nurses need written consent, without it, hold off.