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Pathopharm > Med Surg Age Related Diseases > Flashcards

Med Surg Age Related Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Early Adulthood (20-40 years)

A

maximal body functioning, high risk grounds (breast and testicular cancer, skin, drug use, endocrine), leading cause of death: MVA, homicide suicide, injuries)

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2
Q

What age group affects intimacy and isolation?

A

Early adult hood, 30s

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3
Q

Middle Adulthood 40-64 years

A

slight decrease in resp. capacity and cardiac fx, hair and skin changes, menopause in women, decreased testosterone and sperm, HTN, CV, diabetes, arthritis

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4
Q

What age group affects generativity vs stagnation?

A

middle adult hood 40-64 yr.

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5
Q

Late adulthood 65 years old

A

CV, COPD, Lung and colorectal cancer, pneumonia, multiple chronic illnesses, and polypharmacy

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6
Q

Which age group is affected by integrity vs despair

A

late adulthood 65 years

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7
Q

1 killer in the US of elderly

A

coronary artery disease

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8
Q

silent killer illness of the elderly

A

HTN

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9
Q

What disease is very common in the elderly? Hint* these get inflamed, bleed, cause acute abdominal pain.

A

Diverticular disease

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10
Q

What should you always check for in an elderly patient’s skin, especially in the sacrum area?

A

Pressure sores

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11
Q

In this disease, a simple headache may lead to blindness

A

Temporal arthritis/ polymyalgia rheumatica

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12
Q

You are caring for Betsy a 75 year old patient admitted in the ED. What are common labs you expect ordered?

A

CBC, chem panel, TSH, UA, Vit B12/Folate, RPR/VDRL, ESR, LFTs, head CT or MRI

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13
Q

What is included in a basic chem panel and what does it evaluate?

A

BUN, CO2, Creatinine, Glucose, Cl, K, Na. Evaluates kidney function, blood acid/base balance, and blood sugar levels

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14
Q

High / Low levels of TSH may indicate what?

A

High: hypothyroidism. Low: hyperthyroidism

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15
Q

Why is vitamin B12 and folate important?

A

Both help the body produce RBC. Vit B12 is vital for an important nervous system. Folate important for brain function.

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16
Q

What are RPR and VDRL lab tests used to test ?

A

Syphilis

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17
Q

What is an erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) lab test?

A

Measures how much inflammation is in the body. Usually ordered for someone with unexplained fevers, some types of arthritis, and unexplained symptoms/. Helps monitor inflammatory diseases or cancer.

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18
Q

Why are liver function tests (LFT)ordered? Give 2 common tests ordered

A

Helps detect inflammation and damage to the liver. How well the liver is working. ALT, AST, PT, INR, albumin, and bilirubin

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19
Q

You are discussing with the UAP common ADLs that elderly patients need assistance with. What are basic ADLs you should discuss using the Katz’s modified scale

A

eating, bathing, dressing, transfer, continence, toileting, grooming, ambulation

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20
Q

True or False, urinary incontinence is a physiological aging change

A

FALSE

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21
Q

True or False, urinary incontinence is a symptom that can be improved not cured

A

TRUE

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22
Q

Would you expect a patient with urinary incontinence to be managed by his or her primary care doctor or a urologist?

A

Primary care doc

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23
Q

Why is urinary incontinence a neglected problem in the elderly?

A

patient embarrassment about problem, patient feels under appreciated, underevaluation by health care provider. These all lead to pressure sores and premature institutionalization

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24
Q

Acute Etiologies of urinary incontinence include : *hint: think DRIP mnemonic

A

D- Delirium ( acute disease, postoperative) and Drugs ( anticholinergics, psychotropics, diuretics, ETOH, anti-HTN). R- Restricted mobility (DJD, o-HTN, gait disorders, restraints) and Retention of urine w/overflow (drugs, BPH). Infection (urinary tract or systemic), Illness, Impaction and Injury to brain (stroke) and Polyuria (CHF and DM)

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25
Q

Chronic etiologies of female GU etiologies:

A

weak pelvic floor muscles (s/p childbirth, menopause), cystourethrocele, hypermobile bladder neck, idiopathic destrusor underactivity, bladder tumor/stones

26
Q

Chronic etiologies of male GU etiologies

A

BPH, bladder tumor/stones, prostate surgery/irradiation

27
Q

Chronic GU etiologies for male and females

A

parkinsonism, stroke, dementia, depression, nph, cerebral/spinal cord tumor/lesion, autonomic neuropathy (DM, ETOH, pernicious anemia)

28
Q

_____ of community-dwelling elderly fall w/ significant morbidity and mortality

A

one-third

29
Q

_______ of institutionalized patients suffer from falls

A

two-thirds

30
Q

___-___ % of falls result in _______ injuries with 5-10% resulting in fractures

A

30-40% of falls result in soft-tissues injuries with 5-10% resulting in fractures

31
Q

Although not often, falls can cause _____ hematomas

A

subdural hematomas

32
Q

Fall etiologies * hint: think IJUMPD

A

I-Incoordination/Ataxia, J-joint stiffness/spasm , U-Unsafe environments, M- Muscle weakness, D- dizziness/vertigo

33
Q

Incoordination Ataxia

A

dementia, neurosyphilis, pernicious anemia, vestibular disease

34
Q

Joint stiffness/ Spasm

A

DJD, kyphosis, scoliosis, contractures, parkinsonism

35
Q

Unsafe environment

A

poor vision, dim lights, loose rugs, ,slippery floors, sidewalk cracks

36
Q

Muscle weakness

A

osteomalacia,peripheral neuritis

37
Q

Dizziness/vertigo

A

simple loss of vestibular function

38
Q

Common medications that cause falls

A

sedatives, tranquilizers, antiseizure medications, anti-HTN, diuretics, antidepressants

39
Q

Risk factors for falls

A

decreased mobility, poor balance, impaired function, decreased vision, hearing loss, back and neck stiffness, hip and knee weakness, orth-HTN, alt. mental status, depression, polypharmacy, multiple recent falls

40
Q

Soft tissue injures, fractures subdural hematomas, post fall syndrome

A

complications of falls

41
Q

Post fall syndrome

A

syndrome that develops after falls where the patient develops a lack of confidence and anxiety about further falls, which leads to immobility with risks of urinary incontinence, pressure sores, pneumonia, loss of independence, and eventually death

42
Q

Ways to prevent falls at home and hospital include:

A

adequate lighting, paint the edges of stairs a bright color, place a bell on any cats ( they move quick and can get under foot), wear proper foot support ( nonslippery materials, bed low and locked, possessions within reach, call light within reach, bed alarm

43
Q

Common sensory deficits for the elderly include

A

vision- glaucoma, macular degeneration, cataracts. Hearing- presbycubis

44
Q

cataracts

A

an abnormal progressive clouding or opacity of the lens of the eye

45
Q

glaucoma

A

increase in intraocular pressure. Can be chronic or acute in onset. Chronic usually asymptomatic. Acute is accompanied by redness, pain in and around the eye, severe headache, n & v, blurring vision

46
Q

Macular degeneration

A

painless eye condition that generally leads to the gradual loss of central vision but can sometimes cause a rapid reduction in vision

47
Q

Nursing interventions for vision problems

A

encourage social interaction, describe environment verbally to visually impaired to increase orientation and decrease confusion, arrange for glasses prn, Make it easier for them ( large print books, bright colors, recorded books, lighted mirror), use artificial tears and don’t rub or pick at eye (risk of infection), and encourage regular eye exams

48
Q

Diminished eyesight results in:

A

loss of independence (driving, adls), lack of stimulation, inability to read, fear of blindness

49
Q

Presbycusis

A

age-related decrease in hearing acuity, auditory threshold, pitch and tone discrimination, and speech intelligibility (ability to understand another person’s speech)

50
Q

Nursing interventions for hearing impaired

A

provide auditory cues to supplement loss of sensory input, supply written materials, directly face hearing-impaired so they can read lips and interpret facial expressions, decrease background noise, hearing aids prn, LOWER YOUR TONE

51
Q

Presbycusis can lead to :

A

decreased socialization, avoidance of friends and family, decreased sensory stimulation, and hazardous conditions when driving

52
Q

This disease involves an altered level of consciousness, usually acute onset, and superimposed over demential

A

Delirium

53
Q

True or false, delirium is most often caused by a treatable illness, but still results in 30 mortality

A

TRUE

54
Q

True or false, Delirium is not a medical emergency

A

FALSE

55
Q

Difference between a demented patient and a demented patient with delirium answering questions

A

D- responds to questions inappropriately. D & D- ignore questions

56
Q

This disease is usually acquired, causes progressive intellectual impairment but with clear consciousness

A

Dementia

57
Q

What are 3 changes that occur in patient with Dementia

A

loss of memory; changes in cognition, language, visulospatial skills, personality; and must impact social or occupational functioning

58
Q

Alzheimer’s dementia, multi-infarct dementia, pick’s dementia, and subcorical dementia (AIDS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) are all ?..?

A

irreversible etiologies of dementia

59
Q

What is a key role of the nurse in caring for a patient with Dementia?

A

complete assessment to rule out other possible causes of a particular behavior

60
Q

Possible causes of pseudo-dementia (reversible) include

A

drug side effects, depression, nutritional deficits, metabolic disorders ( hypothyroidism, anemia, hypoglycemia)

61
Q

Nursing interventions for patients with dementia

A

keep client functioning and actively involved in social and family activities, ritualistic schedule, keep calendar and clocks with correct date and time around, encourage family to bring pictures from home, admin drugs to reduce emotional lability, agitation, and irritability, speak in slow calm voice, provide support for family and long-term caregivers

Pathopharm (24 decks)

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